Analysis of Endgame

Modernism is not mere representation to a termination of time entirely it also represents a life style, way of thinking, different perspective to things, and rebel creation of art against previous schools. Therefore we will filter out to define this movement and present its characteristics especially in literature. Through wandering at Modernism we will take end game as an example of the pixilated theater that written by Samuel Beckett and we will explain how it embodies the characteristics of Modernism, language, style, and so forth.Modernism is cultural movement that reflects certain changes not completely in the arts (literature, drama, painting, music, sculpture, dance, architecture) but in sciences such as physics, chemistry, and so forth. Modernist production rose after World War to break tradition, beliefs, principles, and rules, this break includes a strong reaction against effected religious, political, and social views. Therefore Modernism refuses a single way of qu alitying at world and obvious separation between right and wrong, good and bad, and mavin and villain. Modernists rebelled against Victorian ideals.They emphasized humanism over nationalism and how humans were part and responsible to nature, plus they challenged the idea that God played an active utilisation in the world. So this leads them to the concept or notion that no person or thing born to specific use thus they challenged each assumption that point to presence meaning and calculate behind world events. The term modernism includes significantly experimental arts in addition to its rejection for any(prenominal) tralatitious style and conventions.Its technique is characterized by the disruption of chronological linear plot in fiction , the use of fragmentary images and dense allusions in poetry, and the forsaking of authenticist or naturalist characterization and dialogue in drama. All these features will be useful in analysis Endgame as an sloppedist theater. Endgame tends to support the superficial view that flock and things be meaningless, without significance. In comparison between Modernism and conventional drama such as reality and Naturalism we will find extreme differences between them.Realism in literature was part of a wider movement in the arts to focus on ordinary people and events. Realists tries to portray real life at the period of time (French revolution). It uses technique that represents real speech, action, events and clear emotions. Realist works are characterized by traditional narrative and real story that has real characters, events and conflict. Naturalism is a literary movement which characterized by the application of scientific determinism to literature.It depends on assumption that is real exists in nature. Realism and Naturalism are often linked due to its emphasis on realistic people in realistic settings, featuring ordinary people struggling against unseen forces over which they have no control. Realism and Natur alism differs insomuch that Realism focuses on literary technique whereas Naturalism focuses on a specific philosophy. Through our presentation for the characteristics of Modernism, we will give an example from Endgame that is written by Samuel Beckett.This play belongs to the absurdist theater Absurd is that which is devoid of purpose Cut off from his religious, metaphysical, and transcendental roots, man is lost all his actions become senseless, absurd, useless. Eugene Ionesco. Modernism as style of writing refers to new techniques to communicate the ideas or notions that are presented. One of its features is static, stripped action and dialogue and periods of silence. So it rejects any traditional styles and convention by its adoption of radically innovative and often complex, difficult forms.This is incarnate through Endgame. Endgame as the title describes an ending already known in the last part of a chess game, when there are truly few pieces left and its higher-ups alway s study how they guaranty themselves victory through maneuver their enemy into certain position. The play begins with ambiguous Clovs words that stresses on ending Finished, its finished, nearly finished, it must be nearly finished. The traditional development of events that involve a etymon and end of a story rejected through absurd theater.Therefore The play is not divided into acts or scenes, there is no interval, thus there is a sense of repetition, rough words and phrases return but they are never the same, e. g. pain killer, theres no more pain killer. The repetition of words, the static movement and the normal atmosphere point to that nothing will be changed, the implication is that the characters live in an unchanging, static state.Each day contains the actions and reactions of the day before, until each event takes on an almost itualistic quality. Endgame is one-act ply with four characters that divided into two pairs, Hamm and Clov who placed the major roles, Nagg and N ell who not appear at first but throughout the play we will discover that they are Hamms parents. The sitting for End game is a bare room with two small windows situated high up on the back wall. Hamm seated in wheelchair and he is covered with a sheet. There are two dustbins that Nagg and Nells lodging.There is along ladder which Clov needs it to look at through windows that high and narrow, the right one looks out over the earth and the left one looks out over the sea. HAMM (wearily) Quiet, quiet, youre keeping me awake. (Pause. ) Talk softer. (Pause. ) If I could sleep I might consider love. Id go into the woods. My eyes would see the sky, the earth. Id run, run, they wouldnt catch me. (Pause. )Nature (Pause. ) Theres something dripping in my head. (Pause. ) A heart, a heart in my head. (Pause. NAGG Do you hear him? A heart in his head (He chuckles cautiously. ) NELL One mustnt laugh at those things, Nagg. Why must you always laugh at them? NAGG non so loud NELL (without loweri ng her voice) Nothing is funnier than unhappiness, I grant you that. But This part of the dialogue presents some features of Modernism. Nagg and Nell live in static place (two dustbins) from the beginning to end. They make superficial dialogue between each other that represents unconventional situation and action.As for Hamm, cannot leave his wheelchair nevertheless he is the master and Clove with his automatic movement is the servant, P. S Clove is the only character who moves on his legs. It also presents the relationships between Hamm and Clov, Nagg and Nell, and the four among each other. The first relationship that embodied by Hamm and Clov represents master/slave and father/son needs, Hamm cannot live without Clovs help because of his inability (blind and disabled), in other hand, Clov needs survival that Hamm provides him.Nagg and Nells presence in two separated dustbins make them unable to contact with each other but comfort each other, they popping up their heads to call f or food that become a dog biscuit. The absurd theater also characterized by use of gestures and mime that mixed with quite silence pregnant pauses. Beckett focuses on using mime and gesture to portray the unuttered desires of his characters, and the ways of death dominates our thoughts. Hamms disability to move from his chair and see by his blind eyes point to that he already died because he cannot do anything to himself only through Clove.