When Character Was King by: Peggy Noonan

Ronald Reagan’s life wasn’t the greatest growing up. He had some extreme difficulties with his parents and his childhood. His family wasn’t categorized in a social class; they didn’t own anything like a farm, store, bank or industry. Ronald Reagan was born on February 6, 1911 in Illinois, in a town called Tampico, in a one-bedroom rental over a bank building. His mother named him Ronald, but he didn’t like it so he asked people to start calling him what his father called him, Dutch. His father called him that because on the day he was born, his dad ran up the stairs, looked at him and said that he looked like a fat little Dutchman.He had an older brother named Neil who was two years older than him. His father’s name was Jack. He was tall with thick, dark hair. He was Irish Catholic, a salesman and a chain-smoker who loved to tell stories. Ronald wanted a father who was idealistic, because it would have made it easier for him to be what he was , hopeful. During the Great Depression, Ronald hitchhiked to Chicago to look for a job and didn’t tell his father because he knew what he would have said: Don’t bother, no one is going to hire you.His father somehow always let you know he didn’t except the best from people, didn’t think the right thing would happen. He was funny when he was in the mood and always joked around, but he had a sarcastic side, especially when he drank, which was quite often. When Ronald spoke about his parents, he didn’t say much about his father. He didn’t hide that he was an alcoholic but referred to it like his mother taught him to- as a disease from which his father suffered. His father’s alcoholism made it very hard on his family.During Christmas, Ronald wouldn’t be too excited because I meant Dad would start drinking and the fights would come. His mother’s name was Nelle Wilson Reagan; she was his lifesaver. Ronald was truly influenced by his mother, who was extremely religious but also very kind. Ronald and his brother were brought up to be very independent. They moved a lot when Ronald was just a child. They didn’t really eat very good meals, especially not like the ones we get today. They ate oatmeal hamburgers, and his mother made it possible sometimes to make soup last a week.Ronald was never proud of his childhood; he didn’t want to look back at it. He wanted to leave those tough times in the past. When Ronald was just six years old, World War I came to America. He knew about everything; he saw the flags, heard the songs and he visited the soldiers when they came to town. Dutch couldn’t really keep friends so he learned not to need them too much. He became more of a reader and someone who spent hours drawing and imagining. Ronald went to Eureka College, which was a very small school in a small town in northern Illinois.It was extremely inexpensive for tuition, room and board but he could n’t afford it even if they’d accept him. He fell in love with the Illinois architecture, Georgian-style buildings covered in ivy, acres of land surrounded by trees. He went to Eureka College one day to convince the president of the school and football coach’s that he was terrific football player, a lifeguard and a very good swimmer. They actually let him in, with a student scholarship and a job that would pay for his meals and books. He played football and decided to go into campus politics.He became the leader of a student revolt against deep and sudden campus cutbacks. He was chosen as speaker for the cause, which made him feel that he could really hold an audience for the first time in his life. Ronald didn’t have the natural talents or mind set of a businessman or economist or political figure; his natural talents were of an artist. The Great Depression hit when he was eighteen. His dad lost another job and his mom got work as a seamstress. They moved too places that didn’t have any bedrooms for the children. His dad got laid off from a new job on Christmas Eve, and soon became a traveling salesman.His mom had to borrow money from Ronald for food for the family. Ronald enjoyed acting, loved watching movies and actually wanted to become an actor, but never wanted to tell anyone. He loved broadcasting, which Chicago had. He was twenty-two years old and his life was completely coming together. He was making seventy-five dollars a week, which was a lot of money to them in that time period. Ronald got the job as a sports announcer at World of Chiropractic and then went on to WHO, which was a very popular NBC station. He moved to Hollywood in 1937.He was twenty-six years old and starring in his first movie called Love Is on the Air. He played a radio announcer. He had the worst stage fright of his life, but somehow got over it because other movies followed and the Warner Bros. renewed his contract and gave him a raise. Ronald b rought his parents to California and brought them the first house they’d ever owned. He came up with the plan of his dad taking care of his mail and other demands of his career. He became his assistant. Ronald soon fell in love with actress Jane Wyman. They met on the set of the comedy, Brother Rat.She got to be an important celebrity as well as Ronald. They got married on January 16, 1940, in Beverly Hills and he knew it was forever. He felt like his life was really coming together, like he put something together and it worked. Jane was a wonderful actress and just as ambitious as Ronald and when they were together, they brought the best out. They moved to Los Angelos and were working two good jobs and Ronald didn’t drink and they became something. They soon had a daughter, Maureen, and then adopted a son, Michael. After Ronald’s acting career, he was thirty years old and World War II soon began.He was an officer in the United States Cavalry Reserves, and three months after Pearl Harbor, he was called to active duty at Fort Mason, outside San Francisco. He was in noncombat service and then transferred to the Army Air Force intelligence back to Los Angelos. There he worked under General Hap Arnold making air force training films and documentaries. He was a 2nd lieutenant, and he helped bring up a new method for briefing pilots and bombardiers before their bombing missions. When the war was over, he soon became a movie actor again, but he’d missed four years of the industry.It was a lot harder for Ronald to start back up. He didn’t get a lot of the big parts that he was hoping for, while Jane was becoming a very big celebrity. Now in Ronald’s life he was busy with the talk of politics and public policy, and he gave more time to the after-dinner speeches to groups that wanted to say something in the World War II world. Ronald wanted to change the world. He wanted to introduce people to neofascism and communism. There was a meeting at Ida Lupino’s house one night and Reagan and his close friend actor, William Holden agreed to go.It was a meeting about all of the strike commotion, but Reagan could see that it was not sincere; it was in fact extremely biased. Holden held him back from him saying something to the speaker. When Reagan stood up, it was a harsh audience. He told them the real history of the strikes. When he was done speaking, he was beat with questions, boos and mostly name-calling. Reagan told Holden about what he’d seen, and they talked about calling John Garfield to discuss it but they never did and he regretted it for the rest of his life.By 1950, Ronald Reagan was dead set in becoming in politics. He still believed in the power of government, and the responsibility of government to serve the people. The years 1947-1950 were the most difficult years of Ronald’s life, or at least the worst since the worst of his childhood. He almost died, his career almost died, an d his marriage died. Shortly after making one of his last films, Ronald became ill. He had viral pneumonia. In 1980, there was a law forbidding federal employee strike and each member of the union had signed a sworn affidavit agreeing not to strike.The employees weren’t moving against a business, but they were professionals who were providing a very important government service. The Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization took 70 percent of the nation’s seventeen thousand employees walked out. This strike was the first immediate national emergency Ronald has ever faced. He told reporters about the measures that had been taken to make sure the nonstriking employees and supervisory personnel could keep the skies open and operating safely with lesser flights.What he did not tell reporters is that a strike by American air traffic controllers carried real national security implications. I think that Ronald is quite simply the man who defeated the Soviet Union. His decision to concentrate huge resources on building up America’s armed forces and building the military with updating its weapons systems that threw down the Soviet Union. Ronald Reagan was a very bold man who deserves credit for recognizing the moral bankruptcy of the government and putting pressure on the Soviet leadership.

Airline Bankruptcy Filings May Be Soon

Delta Airlines and Northwest Airlines are expected to file for bankruptcy protection in September to get ahead of the new bankruptcy law. The new legislature includes a provision that restricts payouts to executives in the time of bankruptcy protection and calls for quicker reorganization. Both Northwest and Delta failed to cope with rising fuel costs and continue to lose money. In fact, Northwest’s losses got even worse, with second-quarter loss going from $182 million in 2004 to $225 million in 2005. Delta’s loss in the second quarter was still higher: the airline lost $382 million. The new, more restrictive law was probably inspired by delays in the reorganization of some companies. For instance, United has been under bankruptcy protection for two and a half years. During this period the management failed to prepare a reorganization plan and has asked for several extensions of the exclusivity period. I believe this shows two things. First, it is painful to realize that the once booming airline industry has not yet recovered after September 11th attacks. True, an important factor is fuel cost, and this has been rising for a while due to increasing oil costs. But I think if the industry had not survived the nasty crisis of the attacks, it would be better prepared to meet the rise in fuel cost. Second, it shows the difficult choices the rulers of the nation have to make. Take, for instance, bankruptcy – they certainly do not want to leave the airline companies out there in the cold coping with problems on their own. On the contrary, they do not want to encourage management to reserve huge bonuses for themselves at the time of the crisis. And yet companies in trouble need all the managerial talent they can get and so need to keep their managers. It sometimes scares me to think how careful a government leader needs to be to balance all these issues in order to stimulate management but also to keep their appetites in check. No Driver’s License? No Parking Space The article by Daniel Li focuses on the problems of illegal immigrants residing in one of the apartment complexes in Anaheim, Ca., caused by the decision of the management company to deny parking right to everybody who is unable to produce a driver’s license, vehicle registration and proof of insurance. The opponents of the decision say that it is discriminating against illegal immigrants who are residing in Hermosa Village. The management definitely knows that many of the tenants are undocumented and thus have trouble getting a driver’s license. These people cannot park in the streets of the low-income neighborhood after its streets became public. Now they cannot park in front of their houses as well. The management company representatives say that they did not mean to discriminate against illegal immigrants. They merely wanted to protect the safety of their tenants and remove those who had licenses revoked after they got in trouble on the road. The issue revives the debate the rights of illegal immigrants. Many believe they should be given drivers’ licenses. On the contrary, others say giving them the right would encourage more illegal immigration. In my view, the management company has to decide for themselves how they position their housing. If they present themselves as cheap property for all kinds of low-income families and singles including illegal immigrants, it is probably absurd to ask people to present the documents they cannot have. Otherwise, they have to declare a war on illegal immigration and start looking for more ‘decent’ tenants. True, this can be very much like cutting the branch on which one is sitting. As a management company, they have to show more consideration for the people they cater to and to be more committed to their customers who may not always be the most wealthy, well-bred or even law-abiding people in the world. Taking a stand on illegal immigration is a personal choice, but one has to be caring with one’s clients. Â  

Toyota Company Analysis

Toyota Motor Company has been a strong competitor in the global automobile market since its inception in 1937. Today Toyota has become a globally recognized brand and has won the coveted spot as the worlds top selling auto manufacturer, with 17% total market share. Despite many challenges Toyota has remained relatively financially stable consistent with the S&P 500 and continues to provide low cost high efficiency vehicles appealing to various demographics with the implementation of a high end luxury line (Lexus) as well as a line catering towards the younger market (Scion).Toyota Motor Company  prides itself on the successful implementation of a lean manufacturing system including a one of a kind just in time production system. The success of their inventory management and strong supply chain is apparent through their strong sales to inventory ratio and inventory turnover average between 10 to 15 days. Toyota has also exhibited consistently positive EVA rates which indicates high efficiency and value per capital. Although this practice has cut costs for the company, it has also affected sales in a negative light.In 2010 and 2011 when natural disasters hit the areas of their suppliers, Toyota did not have enough parts to complete necessary purchase orders and keep up with consumer demand. For this reason the sales figures from those years are lower than what they were anticipated to be. Despite  these challenges, investors should maintain confident in the efficiency of their invested capital in Toyota, represented by a continuously rising ROE in comparison to its competitors.Toyotas  dividend yield ratio is very attractive to investors as well with 1. 3% compared to the industry average of 1. 1% despite a significant drop in 2008. When looking at the auto industry, investors should take into consideration that Toyota remains competitive despite not receiving the government bailouts provided to the American manufacturers. Toyota features various threats sp ecifically their slow pace in innovation and structure reform.Another notable area of concern is the diminishing market share of their high end line Lexus. Despite these threats Toyotas earning expansion is at an all time high. A focal point of consideration of many analysts and investors is the volatility of the Yen. When looking at Toyotas 1 year growth of -2. 6% which is heavily understated due to the volatility of the Yen, which has effected consumer behavior as well as purchasing power.With the value of the Yen becoming less powerful, Toyota has the opportunity to leverage this to their advantage through relationships with suppliers and improved export profitability. The future success of Toyota will depend on whether or not they are able to keep up with the fuel economy and safety features of other manufacturers. If they are able to do this effectively while also reducing costs using advantages from the diminishing value of the Yen the outlook for this company looks very posit ive for potential investors.

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Business law - Essay Example Such advice is provided by The Learned Wig without constituting any representation or guarantee of any kind, express or implied, as to the information, content, materials, or products being sold in this store. To the full extent permissible by applicable law, The Learned Wig disclaims all warranties, express or implied, including but not limited to, implied warranties or merchantability and fitness for purpose, even any liability arising from the negligence of its employees. In the same way, the Learned Wig excludes any liability for any type of damage or injury that the costumer may suffer when visiting the store, even in the case of negligence of its employees or management†. Using relevant case law and statutory provisions, explain whether the store has any liability for negligence in relation to Henry’s injury and property damage AND whether the notice on the door discharges its liability. Yes. The store â€Å"The Learned Wig† has to take responsibility for the damage caused to Henry. It is because of the negligence of the store, the books were not arranged properly that led to injury of Henry. It is the minimum duty and responsibility of the store to maintain proper records and arrangement of other articles and thorough supervision. Sufficient number of persons should be arranged for showing the required books to the customers. Had â€Å" The Learned Wig† followed these basic duties properly, Henry wouldn’t have experienced any injury. Moreover, the maintenance of basic facilities in the store should be the main duty of â€Å"The Learned Wig†. Hence, Henry should be paid compensationfor the damage he sugjected due to negligence of store keeper. However, Henry has to proceed legally to get the compensation. Henry has to seek the justice under â€Å"The unfair contract terms act 1977†in which if the act of any person or business organization is unreasonable in terms of the safe and quality supply of the products, the supplier may be

Portfolio-Advancing Career Development Coursework

Portfolio-Advancing Career Development - Coursework Example My past experiences have played an incredibly essential role in facilitating the achievement of the required aptitude and skills for future career development (Yorke and Knight, 2007). Despite having worked in various organisations I have as well learnt several technical skills through class work and team work. As a qualified professional, I aim at becoming a prominent professional and an entrepreneur in local and global market. Despite aiming at becoming a prominent global entrepreneur, I as well plan to become a role model to numerous young professionals with a vision of becoming managers and directors of universally well-known multinational organisations. The career advanced portfolio below therefore gives an overview of my career advanced portfolio explaining the student current achievement as well as future career expectation. The Jaguar Land Rover Company is a popularly known global premium automotive brand. The company employs over 20, 000 passionate and talented employees in its global outlets. Moreover, the company sells more than 300,000 units in over 175 countries in global market. The company main production plant is in United Kingdom. The Jaguar Land Rover Company has several graduate job opportunities in varies parts of the world which include: purchasing, finance human resource management, information technology as well as marketing and sales job opportunities. The Peugeot Company has total revenue of 59.9 pounds. The company has sold over 3, 549, 416 vehicles in its global markets. Peugeot Company as well operates in more than 160 countries globally. The company has 208,649 employees worldwide and dominate more than 13% in United Kingdom stock market. Information technology, human resources finance and logistics are some of the available opportunities in Peugeot Company. The Santander Company is a retail bank. The bank has employed 170,000 employees in its global outlets. The bank has 90 million customers in the global market.

Outline and discuss the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) as means of Essay - 3

Outline and discuss the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) as means of valuing securities and their risk. What are the drawbacks - Essay Example Some other financial experts like Lintner and Mossini also explained and purified CAPM and its interpretation in later years (Gassen, and Sellhorn, 2006). Capital Asset Pricing Model Being a quantitative tool for computing the yield of a security, CAPM is used for pricing the financial asset through mathematical calculations (Fields and Vincent, 2001). There are three main components of CAPM model which are stated as follows: Rf = Risk-free rate Beta = Risk of individual security with respect to market Rm – Rf = Market Risk Premium Risk-free Rate Risk free rate is considered as the rate at which the investor does not face any risk yet he obtains a specified return. This risk-free return can be obtained by investing in government securities which are considered are risk free. However, the term risk-free is referred to only the risk related to default risk. Since governments are considered as the ones which are not supposed to face default risk, therefore, their securities are c onsidered as risk-free securities (Babu, 2012). Beta Beta is the factor which indicates the risk of a particular security associated with the overall market risk (Vishwanath, 2007). ... This is the risk which is beyond the control of an investor as well as the corporations whose securities are being traded in the capital market. This risk is called as the overall market risk such that the whole market is exposed to that risk and bears its consequences (Berk and DeMarzo, 2010). On the contrary, unsystematic risk is the risk related to a specific security such as downfall in the earnings, or slow growth, heavy fine etc. This is the risk which does not affect the market and can be eliminated through diversification by adding more securities in the portfolio. Market does not reward unsystematic risk of a particular because this risk can be eliminated through diversification. But it does reward the systematic risk as this risk is faced by every security simultaneously in the whole market (Watson and Head, 2009). In a more concise manner, beta is the measure of systematic risk of the individual security with respect to market risk. In other words, it tells how much volati le an individual security is with the market volatility. Beta of the overall market is 1. So if the beta of the individual security exceeds 1, it means that the security is having more risk as compared to market risk. On the contrary, if the beta is less than 1, it means that the security is having less volatility as compared to market risk. A risk taker invests in those securities which have a beta of greater than 1 whereas a risk averse investor tends to remain at a safe side and invest in those securities which have a beta lower than 1. Market Risk Premium Market risk premium is actually the difference between the overall market return and the risk free return (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2010). In other words, it is actually the excess return that market provides above the

English Topic on 'CONFLICT' comparing two micro fiction Essay

English Topic on 'CONFLICT' comparing two micro fiction - Essay Example She then goes on to describe what the neighbor would hear, and what she would think: â€Å"I would say to myself how glad I was not to be her, not to be sounding the way she is sounding, with a voice like her voice and an opinion like her opinion†. From this, the reader can infer that this person does not like how she sounds when she talks to this man, and perhaps she does not even like herself. The conflict is thus internal, precisely in being who she is. The conflict in this story is psychological, and we are not given the reasons why the neighbor would not like to be her upon hearing her voice and her opinions. The narrator in fact stipulates that the neighbor would not like what she hears, and would be glad not to be her. One can say that this is a sort of projection upon the neighbor of the narrator’s own dislike of herself when she talks to this man. The dilemma is thus in this woman’s ambivalence between liking herself and not liking However, all of this up to this point has been stipulated on the supposition that she were not herself, i.e. that she were not who she was. She resolves this conflict by saying: â€Å"But I cannot hear myself from below, as a neighbor, I cannot hear how I ought not to sound, I cannot be glad I am not her, as I would be if I could hear her.† Thus, to hear herself as a neighbor, from below, is an impossibility, as she is â€Å"not her†, meaning the neighbor, because she is herself, and she cannot put herself in the neighbor’s shoes and not like herself. The conflict is resolved in the final sentence: â€Å"Then again, since I am her, I am not sorry to be here, up above, where I cannot hear her as a neighbor, where I cannot say to myself, as I would have to, from below, how glad I am not to be her.† Given that this imaginary situation is an impossibility, the conflict is simply resolved by this

Community Health Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Community Health Nursing - Essay Example Suicide may result from depression, from a post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar, anxiety, substance use or a borderline personality disorder. Suicide is a preventable public health problem and any person who expresses any kind of suicidal thoughts or intentions needs to be taken very seriously. Other warning signs include sudden withdrawal, hopelessness and excessive sadness, showing dangerous and self-harmful behaviors, change in behavior to think and always talk about death and threatening suicide (Nordentoft, Mortensen, & Pedersen, 2011). Many treatment options can be considered for treating mental disorders depending on the type of condition. Among them includes behavioral therapy a form of psychotherapy for treating psychopathology, cognitive behavioral therapy a psychotherapeutic approach composed of behavioral and cognitive techniques, cognitive therapy to help individuals think more effectively and group therapy a form of psychotherapy. Other treatment options available include use of Electroconvulsive therapy used to treatment major depressions not responding to other treatment options, pharmacological therapy by medication use such as antipsychotics and antidepressants, the use of individual psychotherapy and psychoanalytic treatment option focused on helping the patient become aware of the underlying sources of their pathological condition (Jorm, 2012). Mental health nurses have a role in working with clients in the community to coordinate the range of services that are required in an effort of maximizing the patient’s level of functioning. They work together with the caregivers and family members to offer and support in dealing with the conditions. However, their role varies depending on the setting and areas of specialization. Among some of the common roles they play include caring for patients, assessing and educating patients, medication administration, encouraging patients, provision of therapy, enhancing

International Business Competing in the global marketplace Essay - 1

International Business Competing in the global marketplace - Essay Example Free trade must be encouraged. What this says about targeted trade barriers is that they are restrictive and detrimental to the cause of free trade. Q3) The United States is a net debtor nation and hence the FDI flows into Japan are lesser than the FDI flows into the US from Japan. Moreover, the attractiveness of the US market for its consumption patterns and its sheer size make for businesses from all over the world to invest in the US. The implications of this trend would be that more and more businesses in the US would be owned by Japanese and may not be good for the US economy in the long term. Q4) I would recommend setting up a wholly owned subsidiary in Europe as this would lead to a case where my firm can make use of the local subsidies and also leverage on the fact that the technical competence available with my firm makes it possible to manufacture the computers at half the cost. As for the other options, exporting directly from the US may involve paying tariffs and duties. And licensing to a European firm means that my firm has to share the know how with them. Q1) This is a classic question about whether free trade is beneficial or domestic market driven economies are good. My opinion is that we should go by the theory of comparative advantage and thus let firms invest abroad and complete the cycle of investments from those countries flowing back home and creating jobs. Thus, the cyclic view of trade and inflows and outflows must be taken into account while making a decision regarding investing abroad or domestically. Q2) Any multilateral trading agreement would benefit the world economy in the longer term. What one country is good at and what another is good at and hence barter or exchange has been the underpinning of the world economy and thus free trade and multilateral trade agreements benefit everyone in the longer run. As for

Moral Standards in the 1960s-1970s Essay Example for Free

Moral Standards in the 1960s-1970s Essay The English social activist Constance Mary Whitehouse was often renowned for her opposition to social liberalism and mainstream media, which she often claimed to be root cause of a more permissive society in Britain. Although, the extent to which we can deem this view valid is debatable. There is evidence leaning on both sides of the argument; but of course it is unquestionable that Britain did see a sudden uprising of permissiveness and overt moral decline to which Whitehouse responded briskly, founding and setting up the ‘National Viewers’ and Listeners’ Association’ via which she campaigned against the BBC n the 60’s. The question is; was she justified in going to these lengths to essentially try and censor media? Surely, if she injected such a vast amount of effort into doing so, then she must have some sort of validity in her view? Or perhaps, there were other factors which she did not take into account. The notion of Television being the main medium of influence of this period is irrefutable, with 95% of British households owning one by the end of the 1960s. Although the fact that the government set up the Committee of Inquiry on Broadcasting could in itself suggest that media had partial censorship (thus disallowing any real explicit broadcasts which could lead to a moral decline), they did little to stop, and actually welcomed the hard-hitting ‘social realist’ plays such as ‘up the junction (1965)’ and ‘Come Home Cathy (1966)’, as they were a replacement for the supposedly ‘vulgar’ American style programmes on ITV such as ‘Take Your Pick (1958-66)’ and the Westerns/Crime Dramas which they feared would erode British culture and make people more violent. Though, these plays did could be argued to have ‘worsened’ the situation as, for example, ‘Up the Junction’ depicted quite a graphic and powe rful home abortion scene, and it is suggested that this may have been one of the causes of the 1967 Abortion Act to be passed; which of course consequently lead to relaxation in attitudes towards sex as there was now an passage, or a ‘life-line’ a woman could use if any accidental impregnation occurred, thus increasing levels of promiscuity. Furthermore, in ‘a taste of honey’ (also part of this social realism movement that swept through theatres in the 60’s), as well as abortion again being key factor in it, there is also an occurrence of a ‘one night stand’, not an ordinary one night stand however, an interracial one night stand. Although this was a very extreme case of moral rebellion, critically it could have lead to the British public to perceiving promiscuity as well as interracial relationships (seen as immoral, abnormal at this time) to be more acceptable, a norm. In other words, the British public would in theory be bellowing â€Å"if she can do it, why can’t I?!† . The Press also have a part to play in this; they contributed largely to a new permissive air in the media when they initiated their launch of colour supplements, sexualised adverts and scandalous news stories and significantly the first female nipple was published by media tycoon Rupert Murdoch who believed this would help the circulation of his paper, The Sun. This conveys the extent to which media was now overtly promoting permissiveness, and could suggest that this directly influenced a more permissive society as the public were fully exposed to these new developments which eased them into a new, more open and bold mind set. Conversely, there is evidence to suggest that Media was not only responsible for the ‘decline in moral standards’, as quoted by Whitehouse. Touching back onto the subject of ‘press’, although it did absolutely encourage some air permissiveness, the Obscene Publications Acts of 1959 and 1964 to an extent conflict that view. These acts were designed to ‘strengthen’ law around public obscenity, in particular the publication of obscene articles and materials used in them. This could thus suggest that there were in fact some restrictions on media, and that they couldn’t possibly fully hold the blame for arousal of permissiveness and decline in moral standards in this period. Additionally, although the ‘powerful’ scene in ‘Up the Junction’ could be blamed for the passing of the Abortion Act in 1967,it is commonly known that it only eased the passage of it, and it was primarily David Steel’s campaign that led the way to this debatably radical change. Prior to the Abortion Act, there were approximately 106,000 illegal abortions a year, and many were sceptical about the idea that the number of abortions would increase when the act was passed as they believed although people had the freedom, it wouldn’t necessarily mean they would exercise it. They were wrong, after a year in 1968 the number of abortions per annum rose by 35,000 to 141,000 a year. This strongly suggests that the Abortion Act itself influenced a more permissive and unmoral society as it offered more freedom to the public in regards to sex and promiscuity. Prior to the passing of the Divorce Act of 1969, divorce was only permitted when there was sufficient evidence exhibiting that one party of the relationship had committed adultery, and statistics show that there were few than two divorces per 1000 married couples. The Divorce Reform Act allowed couples to divorce if they had lived apart for two years and both wanted it or if they had lived apart for five years and one partner wanted it. Following the reform there was a huge increase in the number of divorces, by the mid-1970s nearly one in every two marriages ended in divorce. Although it could be argued that this was due to the growing independence of women, it’s hard to deny that the act had a large effect on this. This thus indicates to us that media was not entirely responsible for the lack or decline of moral standards as legislation such as this, did essentially promote more promiscuity as it gave married couples the freedom to split up and do as they please. In analysing the range of factors, we can conclude that Mary Whitehouse’s view that the media was responsible for the morale decline of the 60’s and 70’s was somewhat valid, as there are a spectrum of sources and pieces of evidence that intrinsically link together and in turn paint a picture where the British society are heavily influenced by media. This was perhaps due to fact that the public at this time, and still to this day, are heavily consumed by the media and are enthralled in its controversy, and although it may not have so much of a profound effect on us today it is obvious people of that period were more vulnerable to it as just coming out of a period of Austerity and slight deprivation, more likely than not they were seeking for something new something fresh, something that kept up with the social norms of other major influences such as America- and perhaps unfortunately, these new trends often entailed social rebellion and permissiveness. And althoug h legislation had a part to play in it, this only ensured de jure change, not always de facto, where as media more times out of 10 had de facto and more profound effect on the British society of the 1960s/70s.

Clinical Applications of Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Clinical Applications of Cone Beam Computed Tomography Abstract The present article evaluates various clinical applications of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Among scientific articles, a research was conducted by PubMed on dental application of CBCT, containing many articles in general, among which most of them were clinically about dentistry and its related analyses. Different functionalities of CBCT, including oral and maxillofacial surgery, root treatment, implantology, orthodontics, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, periodontics, and forensic dentistry have been indicated in a study. This review article illustrates that different CBCT indicators have been used concerning the need for certain discipline of dentistry and the kind of conducted procedure. Introduction Two-dimensional imaging techniques in dentistry have been employed since the first intraoral radiography was created in 1896. Since then, dental imaging techniques have evolved by the advent of tomography and panoramic imaging. While tomography makes it possible to divide the desired levels from an X-ray range, panoramic imaging provides a comprehensive observable image of maxillofacial structures(1). Recent developments of digital diagnostic imaging has been dealing with lower radiation doses and faster processing times, without affecting the diagnostic quality of intraoral and panoramic images. Two-dimensional images, however, have their own natural limitations (including enlargement, distortion, and folding images), which cause the structures to appear erroneously(1). Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is capable of producing 3D images, which leads to effective diagnosis, treatment, and further advances. By introducing dent alveolar imaging in 1998, CBCT could produce lower-cost and lower absorbed dose 3D data in comparison to conventional CT(2). CBCT imaging technique is based on a cone-beam X-ray, gathered on a two-dimensional recognizer, with the privilege of achieving more radiation. In contrast to the conventional CT, a parallel change from the recognizer system is not required during the spinning, which brings about a more efficient use of tube power(3). Being compared with the resultant slideshow images of the conventional CT, the cone shaped radiation spins around a certain object once (in this case was the patients head and neck) and is capable of producing hundreds of 2D images from a certain anatomical volume(4). Then, using different kinds of algorithms that are made by the Feldkamp in 1994, the images are reconstructed in a 3D observable data set(5). Compared to a common 2D radiography, CBCT has various advantages, including no folded images, measuring ratio of 1:1, no geometric distortion, and 3D demonstration. It is worth mentioning that, by using a relatively low ionic radiation, CBCT provides a 3D representation from hard tissues along with little information from soft tissues(6). Common CT systems have similar advantages (in addition to providing information on soft tissues), however, they create the image call with higher levels of ionic radiation and longer scanning time. In total, larger CT units will cause them to be a weak alternative for the Dental offices(7). Applications in oral and maxillofacialsurgery The resultant 3D CBCT images have been used to investigate the right place and the maxillofacial pathology area, as well as assessing the final impact or the additional tooth and its link with vital structures(8-23). These images have been utilized to look into the bone graft space, before and after the surgery and osteonecrosis of the jaw changes (such as those who were exposed to bisphosphonates), as well as the pathology and/or paranasal sinus defect(24-28). Moreover, CBCT technology was applied to assess patients with obstructive sleep apnea to adopt an appropriate surgery method (if required)(29). Since CBCT units were available extensively, dentists have made use of this technique increasingly to investigate maxillofacial injuries. In addition to preventing form folded images, which appear in panoramic images, CBCT made it possible to precisely measure the surface intervals, as well(30, 31). This distinct advantage caused CBCT to become an established method for the evaluation and management of mid-face lesions and orbital fractures, assessment of fracture, observation of maxillofacial bones engaged in surgery, and routing during operation along the processes that are related to gunshot(32-37). CBCT is widely used in orthognathic (orthodontic surgery) and orthmorphic surgeries, in a way that the details of intraocclusalrelationships and the display of tooth surface are vital for adding a 3D skull model. Using advanced software, CBCT made it possible to slightly observe the soft tissues and enable the dentists to control posttreatment beauty, as well as assessing the outline of lips and bone area of the palate in patients with palatal split(38-43). Applications in root treatment While several studies have shown that high contrast CBCT images could be used to distinguish between apical granuloma and apical cysts with measuring dental trauma, yet CBCT imaging is an applicable tool for the diagnosis of periapical injuries(44-46). Other scholars use CBCT as a useful tool to classify the origin of damages, including root or non-root origin, which indicates another period of the treatment(47). The reliability of theses labels (root or non-root) are doubtful. Consequently, they are the foundation of demand on (more) non-invasive techniques for the diagnosis of damages that are usually detected through non-invasive processes. Several clinical sample reports have concentrated on using high resolution CBCT images to diagnose the vertical fractures of the root(45, 46, 48, 49). CBCT is considered a salient technique for periapical radiographs in diagnosing root vertical fractures, measurement of dentin fracture depth, and detecting the root vertical fracture(50, 51). CBCT imaging has made the early diagnosis of inflammatory root resorption possible, which is slightly detectable by 2D radiography(52, 53). As well as detecting the root and cervical root resorption (internal and external), CBCT is also capable of recognizing the extent and progress of the injury(54-58). CBCT could be used to identify the number and morphogenesis of roots and their related canals (both main and supplementary), and also determine the functional length, type, and angle size(54-56). CBCT performs a more accurate evaluation of root canal resorption than 2D imaging(48). It also applies in identifying the extent of pulp in talon cusp and the position of damaged tools(59, 60). Due to its simplicity and precision, CBCT is utilized in canal preparation with different tool techniques, as well(61, 62). CBCT is a pre-operation tool for figuring out the proximity of tooth to the adjacent vital structures, make the surface anatomy right size and cause extent determination to become possible(63-65). In emergency cases after the injury, in which it is vital to recognize the desired tooth status, CBCT images could help dentistry with a selection of the best treatment methods(66, 67). Applications in dental implants As the need for dental implant, as an alternative to the lost tooth, increased helping the treatment plan and avoiding the damage to vital adjacent surfaces during the operation requires for a technique to get the right cavity and measure the position of implant. Previously, such measurement was generally provided by 2D radiographs (in special cases) that was obtained through conventional CTs. CBCT, however, is an appropriate option for dental implant, which in comparison with 2D images, provides more precision in measurement and lower radiation dose at the same time(68-80). The new software lowers the chance of improper settling of accessories and damaged anatomic structures(81-84). CBCT decreases the implant failure by providing information on bone density and cavity shapes, as well as the height and width of the proposed implanting space for patient(85, 86). CBCT does not calculate the Hounsfield scale accurately; hence, the number of bone density through this technique could not be vertical through a group of CBCT units or patients. However, the effect of CBCT in measuring and evaluating the cavity shapes has brought about the selected improvements. By a prior notice about the complications, which could occur during a proposed treatment, the plan can be designed in a way that resolves them or results in an alternative treatment. CBCT is usually used in post-operation evaluation to assess the bone graft and implant position in the cavity(79). Orthodontics applications Orthodontics, in introducing qualitative software of evaluation such as Dolphin (Dolphin ]maging Management Solutions) and In Vivo Dental (Anatomage), enables the dentists to fully exploit the CBCT images for cephalometric analysis. Moreover, it is an appropriate tool for investigating the amount of facial growth, age, function of respiratory tract, and disrupting the destruction of tooth(87-92). CBCT is a reliable tool to evaluate the amount of damaged tooth proximity to the vital structure, which could interrupt the orthodontic procedure(93, 94). When the mini-implant[1] is required as a temporary holder, CBCT provides the observable guidelines for accurate and safe installation and thus, accidental and fatal injuries could be avoided(95-97). Accordingly, the evaluation of bone density before, during, and after the treatment indicates that whether or not the injury has decreased or remained unchanged(98, 99). CBCT illustrates different aspects of maxillofacial complications in one scan. In addition to 3D structure of skeleton bones, it enables the dentist to access anterior, crowns, and axial images. These images could be turned to allow the dentist to observe patterns and various angles of the image, including those that are not available in 2D radiography(100, 101). CBCT images are capable of auto-correction for enlargements and creating vertical images by measurement ratio of 1:1. Consequently, CBCT is more accurate than panoramic and conventional 2D images(102). Applications in TMJ disorders TMJ (temporomandibular joints) diagnostic images are vital for to accurately detect diseases and joints malfunction. According to Tsiklakis et al., though CT is easily available, it is not prevalent in dentistry due to high required costs and doses. Examining the right linking space and position of condyle in the cavity has been made possible by CBCT, which is a tool for showing probable dislocation in a connecting disk(103). CBCT precision and lack of folded images make the measurement of the roof of the glenoid fossa and observation of soft tissue around TMJ possible, which can provide a practical diagnosis and eliminate the need for MRI(104-106). According to Tsiklakis et al., MRI â€Å"is one of the most useful tests since it provides images from both soft and bone tissues†(103). While MRI is recommended for evaluation of TMJ soft tissues, CBCT has lower radiation dose. However, it is emphasized that CBCT technique, unlike CT and MRI, does not reveal the details of soft tissues. The aforementioned advantages made the CBCT the best imaging tool for incurred injuries, fibrous ankylosis, pain, dysfunction, cortex erosion of Cortical condyle, and cyst(107-109). Applications in periodontics As Vandenberghe et al. believe, 2D radiography is the most prevalent imaging used in the bone morphology, such as a defect in periodontal bones. The limitations of 2D radiography, as a result of probable errors and misconceptions in indentifying reliable reference anatomic points, forced dentists to estimate the amount of lost or existing bone(110). These findings approve the observations achieved by Misch, in which the 2D radiography is for identification of alterations in bone level or the architecture of inefficient bone defect(111). CBCT provides an accurate measurement of intrabony defects, by which doctors are able to assess the amount of rupture, valve defects, and periodontal cyst(112-114). While CBCT and 2D radiography are compatible with revealing interproximal defects, it is only the 3D images, such as CBCT, that are able to illustrate the buccal and lingual defects(115). To obtain the details of morphologic of bone features, CBCT is used with precision as the direct measurement with a periodontal probe(110, 111). Moreover, CBCT could be utilized to express the performance derived from periodontal defects and enable the doctors to assess the results of post-periodontal surgeries(115). Application in forensic dentistry Age estimation is one of the significant aspects of forensic dentistry. In this process, is it vital for doctors to be capable of estimating the age of every person in a legal system (including those who have passed away). This is one of the specific cases in Europe and as Yang et al. declared in 2006, â€Å"every year thousands of under-aged people flee over the all European countries with no formal ID card to find a shelter and protection. On top of this, most of the crimes are committed by people, who seem to be under-aged. In either case, it is necessary to determine the chronological age and fill them in documents, similar to those we have seen in Belgian that are under-aged and want to enjoy ethnic and social benefits.† The text of the present article was published for age estimation in line with the relationship between tooth change and age. The tooth enamel, beyond a natural cover, is extremely safe against such major alterations. However, as the age raise the pulp com plex (dentin, cementum, and pulp) illustrates the physiological and pathological changes(116). Usually, the extraction and section cut is required to identify morphological changes, which are not always observable. Nevertheless, CBCT is a non-aggressive alternative. Discussion Since late 1990s, when this method entered dentistry, CBCT scanners have shown substantial advances in medicine and maxillofacial imaging(117). This review article indicated that recent articles were conducted on CBCT, most of which were designated to clinical applications. Most of these articles are about oral and maxillofacial surgery, root treatment, dental implant, and orthodontics. CBCT has limited functionality in restorative dentistry, which is due to its higher radiation dose than 2D radiography and its incapability in providing additional diagnostic information. Moreover, these researches are mostly in the field of restorative dentistry for exploring various privileges of CBCT. Although this review did not assess any related articles to prosthetic applications of 3D scanners, yet the standard surveillances that were conducted in prosthetic treatment could be contingent to the use of CBCT with other dental specialties. For instance, dental implant prosthetic, maxillofacial prosthetic, and TMD evaluation are applicable, which in turn by unifying the resultant data of patients with treatment plan can increase the success of prosthetic treatment. CBCT images embrace issues with medical complications, especially in cases that several teeth and bone levels should be evaluated. New CBCT systems can be utilized in specific dentistry applications. They have higher resolution power, as well as lower exposure and cost in comparison to the prior existing systems. While CBCT has various advantages over 2D radiography, there are natural limitations to this technique that require more precise consideration in the selection of criteria and indices. For example, CBCT is sensitive to removable dentures (including removable dentures peculiar to CT technology) and stiffener bars around a compact object. Overall, CBCT has low contrast and limited strength in viewing internal soft tissues. Most modern CBCT units have flat panel detectors, which are mostly inclined to the bar of stiffening artifacts and are able to provide more information. However, due to the lack of compatibility between artifacts, CBCT is not capable of precise HU measurements; therefore the bone density measurement is not reliable. We believe it is vital to take the principle of â€Å"As Low As Reasonably Achievable†, (ALARA), into consideration. The belief should not be mistakenly interpreted as a reason to avoid the use of high dose CBCT units, which provide us with credible information. There is no tough protocol concerning when the technology must be used and every dentist, oral radiologist and neuroradiologist, must actively assess his/her operational protocols. Image resolution needs an extensive knowledge of anatomy in the fields, which are commonly the domain of dentistry and neuroradiology. Accurate knowledge and experience is required for the clarification of scanned data that determines why imaging is needed. Also the clarification of implicit findings is illustrated, which are explicit in the scan beyond the common scopes of dentistry, including disorders that can be observed in any adjacent area. The fact that CBCT promotes the specialized knowledge and improves the standards of dental care is something that dentists must define case by case. Such an evaluation calls for continuous training and education for dentists and scholars. The recent upsurge in the popularity of CBCT caused many units with low variation (sometimes important though) to be resulted in uncontrolled and unobserved report of the radiation amount. This unapproved report could be due to the limited technological knowledge of medical imaging apparatus in the new units. In response, the academy of European dentistry and maxillofacial radiography has established basic principles for dental applications of CBCT. Summary Based on what has been proposed in this article, most dental CBCT applications are for oral and maxillofacial surgery specialists, root treatment, dental implant, and orthodontics. CBCT test should not be taken unless it is necessary and do more good than harm. While using this method, the whole image dataset (which is a radiology report from a dental surgeon, neurologist, or a general radiologist familiar with the head and neck anatomy) should be assessed completely to maximize the resultant clinical data and make sure that every significant implicit finding were reported. Further researches should be concentrated on the resultant accurate data regarding doses of CBCT systems in which they comprise of a size detector and a background, limited from the scanned volume and sight. CBCT systems with larger background and less metal artifacts for orthodontic and orthognathic surgeries are not available yet. Further evaluations are required for better determination of CBCT applications in forensic dentistry. [1] Implant with less than 3 millimeter diameter

McDonalds vs. Burger King :: Business Management Studies Essays

McDonald's vs. Burger King In diagnosing the McDonald's organization, the first issue we will examine is their company goals. McDonald's has a goal of one hundred percent total customer satisfaction. However, they do realize that this goal is not always attainable. Therefore, if for any reason they do not meet that goal, they will do whatever it takes to correct their mistake. McDonald's has a second company goal that sets them apart from most of their competitors. McDonald's was founded on the principle of giving back to the community, and that remains one of their primary goals today. Through their charities, Ronald McDonald's House and Ronald McDonald's Children's Charities, McDonald's has pumped millions of dollars back into the community over the years. McDonald's customer service policy is laid out in the McDonald's Guarantee. The McDonald's Guarantee states, Your food will be hot. Your service will be fast and friendly. ! And your drive-thru orders will be double-checked right. If you're not satisfied, we'll make it right. Or your next meal is on us. Guaranteed. The customer service procedures of McDonald's are centered on focusing on one customer at a time. They are more concerned with the quality of the service tha the speed of the service. Employees usually take only one order at a time. They then prepare that order while the customers wait. After the present customer is satisfied, they move on to the next customer. This procedure allows great accuracy and quality, but lacks speed. McDonald's climate was not very appealing. Everything appeared to be focused around the business instead of the customers. Employees were working at a rapid pace, but it seemed like they had no time for customers. They acted as if it was a burden for them to stop and answer a simple question or refill a drink. The atmosphere was also very noisy. There was constant beeping, banging, and yelling coming from the ! service area. They did not provide a pleasant ambiance for cus! tomers to dine in. McDonald's communication and leadership were also lacking. The only communication between employees and customers was the placement of orders. The employees provided no feedback in terms of double-checking orders or communicating any delays that might occur. Communication between employees consisted of loud yelling throughout the kitchen. In terms of leadership, we did not see a manager present during our entire visit. Diagnosing Burger King was a little more difficult because they do not provide customers with literature (pamphlets) communicating goals and policies, as McDonald's does. However, Burger King's goals seemed quite clear.

The secret to success of East Asian economies Essay examples -- Intern

Since the end of the second world war, many East Asian economies have seen a â€Å"miraculous† growth. And with so many other nations still in poverty, economists and leaders are turning their eyes towards the â€Å"East Asian tigers† to see if they can replicate their results. When looking at the facts it is obvious that the the circumstances facing the East Asian nations were quite different than the ones that nations face today. But outside of these differences a loose model of the East Asian miracle can be utilized in Third World nations today and, considering the high success rate of so many of the East Asian economies, would most likely see positive results. The secret to success of East Asian economies is the hand that the government has had in industrial affairs. Starting in the 1950s nations like china began taking steps towards centralized government through reform. One example of this would be the Chinese land reform of the 50s under the new Mao Zedong's communist regime (Blecher, 2010:p.27). This land reform took away the oligarchic control of the landlords, changing the feudalistic policy of landlordism over to a more capitalistic form of socialism in which the government has the control. This is clearly a very vital part of the industrialization process as many nations that have failed with the agrarian reform continue to find themselves struggling to get out of poverty. A modern example of this would be Brazil, where the rural landlords have stalled any sort of reform that might dismantle their rule over peasants farmers and tenants (Kay, 2002:p.1076). The institution of land reform was a vital part of industrialization in East Asia, unlike other nations it was introduced before the economies had gotten on their feet and w... ... to ever truly practise total free trade, only even opened its borders in the 19th century (Chang, 2003:23). Despite this, Industrialized nations, with the United States at the forefront, continue to advocate for more 'freedom' in the economies of developing nations, claiming that there is no other way to be free from poverty. By doing this they make themselves out to be hypocrites calling for more market-freedom when in fact nations who practice state intervention, as they did during earlier stages, have seen more economic success. Two great examples would be China and India who both have a high level of state involvement in their respective markets, yet both nations have become the model for developing nations in the 21st century (Chang and Grabel, 2004:13). But for whatever reason the West continues to advocate a policy that they themselves have barely used.

High Definition Television (HDTV) Essay example -- Expository Essays

High Definition Television (HDTV) High Definition Television, also known as HDTV, is a technological advancement compared to the analog television most Americans have now. High definition was a marvel that was bound to come. It seems that every time a new technology emerges, it is a must have, but is high-definition television worth buying? This is the question I have posed to myself and will try to answer. High definition started in Tokyo, Japan in 1964. It was a simple experimental research project that did not hold much weight. Once the Federal Communications Commission heard of the news, the proposed a competition to see who could come up with a higher quality television. There was no real winner for the contest, but because of the efforts of developers and the technology being pushed, high-definition television had been developed. There are three main reasons that high-definition television is not worth buying in the year 2004. 1) The Technology is Young Infancy is one word to describe the technology of high-definition and is still being worked on a deve...

Cultivation Theory Essay

Cultivation theory was created by George Gerbner, founder of the cultural environment movement and dean of communications at the University of Pennsylvania. Cultivation theory deals with the content of television and how it affects and shapes society for television viewers. The theory suggests that the violence embedded in television causes regular viewers to form exaggerated beliefs of society as a meaner and scary world. This is known as mean world syndrome. Although less than one percent of the population are victims of violent crimes in any one year period, heavy exposure to violent crimes through television can lead to the belief that no one can be trusted in what appears to be a violent world. Television sets are slowly replacing schools and churches as the main storyteller for families. People are watching television religiously instead of going to church. It is more common to stay at home on Sundays and watch football or the newest reality show out. It’s the wenty-four seven real life drama that television offers that attracts people to become a regular TV viewer. In their devotion to watching television on a regular basis they are exposed to the violence that is embedded in most shows on the air. Gerbner provides his three-prong plug, which is his framework for understanding why more television consumption leads to a misled perception of a risky world filled with crime. The first prong for the plug represents the concern for why media chooses the messages they deliver. Violence is a stable message delivered by the media, because it is cheap and easy to sell globally. This is mainly because violence is a universal language that is understood by everyone. The second prong represents the concern for figuring out the exact messages that television delivers. In order to do so Gerbner uses what he calls, Message System Analysis, which ultimately supplies a numerical value for what for what messages television contains. The scope of what is considered a violent message consist of any show that portrays overt expression of physical force compelling action against ones will on pain of being hurt and killed, or threatened to be victimized as part of the plot. According to Gerbner’s studies before the average TV viewer graduates from high school they will have observed thirteen thousand traumatic deaths on television. The Third and final prong represents the concern for analyzing how television content affects viewers in particular, your typical couch potato who watches television all day. Television cultivates and shapes realities towards viewers; the more a person ingests messages of violence portrayed in television the more likely they are to view the real world as a mean and scary place. Personally I do not watch television with the exception of sports, but even then you can’t avoid seeing violent acts whether it’s in a commercial for a movie or video game violence has become prominent in our society. Cultivation theory is something that affects everyone one way or another; if you personally are not affected by it chances are you know someone who is. It was something that was very obvious to me even at a young age. I grew up going to school in Windsor but living in Hartford. I noticed the mean world effect at a young age because most of my friends from school weren’t allowed to come over my house because I lived in Hartford. Back then it wasn’t as clear to me as it is now, but even to this day it still happens. Not that my friends can’t Come over but they would rather I go to where they live instead. So even today I see the effect mean world syndrome can have on people. This day in age media is something everyone is familiar with from old to young. With technology advancing at the rate it is media will have more and ore influence on our every day lives. Growing up in a generation of constant advancements in technology I have witnessed first hand how the media has used technology it to its advantage. From being able to watch live news on your phone, to getting updates from an app media is at our disposal and very easy to access. In the next ten years, media will only get bigger and bigger because it is a non-stop, twenty-four hours a day business market. It will continue to change with the advancements in technology and expand with new way to broadcasts itself.

Pet peeves

Pet peeves, everyone has them. Some people make their peeves known; others Just grit their teeth and keep their annoyance to themselves. My pet peeves Include my husband talking loudly In public on the phone, people using their phones In public, and the way people care for their kids. These are just a few of my pet peeves that I want to talk about. My husband is one of the worst about talking to loud on his phone in public. One day in particular comes to mind. We were going to walk into a restaurant, and his phone rang.He answered it and began to talk. I started to walk slower, hoping he would do the same. He did not even realize that he was almost yelling. As we were walking into the restaurant he continued to talk and people turn their heads to see who was talking so loudly. I was trying to get him to hurry up, but that was not happening. I could Just see other people around us looking at him wishing he would hang up his phone. He finally finished his call and hung up his phone. Th is does not happen often, but whenIt does I try to remind him that he has many pet peeves and his loud talking Is one of mine. It Is possibly my biggest pet peeve. Furthermore, phone etiquette in general is one of my pet peeves. Don't get me wrong, cell phones are great; I just really wish that someone would write a book on the proper way to use a cell phone. If there ever was such a book the author would be a millionaire instantly. Cell phones exploded on to the scene so fast and furious that many people did not have time to think. It is understandable for people not to understand proper phone etiquette.The ability to talk wirelessly to anyone, and everyone from almost anywhere in the world has been around now for many years. People should know that there is a proper time and place to use a cell phone. I can understand If a call comes Into a person's phone that Is an emergency. However It Is not an emergency If a friend has Just broke up with their boyfriend or girlfriend. If one I s In a walling room of a doctor's office, or a public place people do not need to hear about y personal life problems.Be courteous to the ones around and, get up and walk outside to finish the call. I can promise that no one else wants to hear a one-sided conversation. Parents drive me crazy when they allow their children to scream and cry in a public place. I can understand some children have special needs and there is Just no way for a parent to soothe the child. The parent should still get up and take the screaming child outside or to the bathroom. My husband and I were at a restaurant the other day and there was a child crying and screaming at the top f his lungs.The mother just sat there and did nothing to try and soothe the child. We quickly finished our meal and left the restaurant. Parents should try and consider that not everyone cares to hear their child screaming and crying In public places. In conclusion I normally do not say a whole lot about the different things that g et on my nerves. I am typically the kind of person that Just goes with the flow. The loud talking on the cell phone, the lack of phone etiquette, and children crying and Pet peeves Pet peeves, everyone has them. Some people make their peeves known; others Just grit their teeth and keep their annoyance to themselves. My pet peeves Include my husband talking loudly In public on the phone, people using their phones In public, and the way people care for their kids. These are just a few of my pet peeves that I want to talk about. My husband is one of the worst about talking to loud on his phone in public. One day in particular comes to mind. We were going to walk into a restaurant, and his phone rang.He answered it and began to talk. I started to walk slower, hoping he would do the same. He did not even realize that he was almost yelling. As we were walking into the restaurant he continued to talk and people turn their heads to see who was talking so loudly. I was trying to get him to hurry up, but that was not happening. I could Just see other people around us looking at him wishing he would hang up his phone. He finally finished his call and hung up his phone. Th is does not happen often, but whenIt does I try to remind him that he has many pet peeves and his loud talking Is one of mine. It Is possibly my biggest pet peeve. Furthermore, phone etiquette in general is one of my pet peeves. Don't get me wrong, cell phones are great; I just really wish that someone would write a book on the proper way to use a cell phone. If there ever was such a book the author would be a millionaire instantly. Cell phones exploded on to the scene so fast and furious that many people did not have time to think. It is understandable for people not to understand proper phone etiquette.The ability to talk wirelessly to anyone, and everyone from almost anywhere in the world has been around now for many years. People should know that there is a proper time and place to use a cell phone. I can understand If a call comes Into a person's phone that Is an emergency. However It Is not an emergency If a friend has Just broke up with their boyfriend or girlfriend. If one I s In a walling room of a doctor's office, or a public place people do not need to hear about y personal life problems.Be courteous to the ones around and, get up and walk outside to finish the call. I can promise that no one else wants to hear a one-sided conversation. Parents drive me crazy when they allow their children to scream and cry in a public place. I can understand some children have special needs and there is Just no way for a parent to soothe the child. The parent should still get up and take the screaming child outside or to the bathroom. My husband and I were at a restaurant the other day and there was a child crying and screaming at the top f his lungs.The mother just sat there and did nothing to try and soothe the child. We quickly finished our meal and left the restaurant. Parents should try and consider that not everyone cares to hear their child screaming and crying In public places. In conclusion I normally do not say a whole lot about the different things that g et on my nerves. I am typically the kind of person that Just goes with the flow. The loud talking on the cell phone, the lack of phone etiquette, and children crying and

The Relationship Between Epistemology and Metaphysics

What is the relationship between epistemology and metaphysics In many ways epistemology clears the way for metaphysical construction or hypothesis. By adhering to the principles of one branch of philosophy, it allows us to become better at searching within the other. It is true that epistemic ideas are often knocked down by metaphysics, but when one considers that it is entirely possible to base metaphysical ideas on epistemology, it becomes clear that the branches of philosophy are very much intertwined and somewhat interdependent upon each other for clarity and reason.It is a strange philosophical symbiosis from which a magnificent and new organism emerges. We know that the goal of metaphysics is to somehow develop an all-encompassing hypothesis as to what the ultimate nature of the universe is and reality itself. The human mind being the way it is, will not accept any of the possibilities unearthed by metaphysical questioning unless it is in part rationalized by epistemic inquiry. For example, the old question about the tree falling in the woods, would it still make sound if no one was there to hear it?Well science and its epistemic thirst for knowledge has solved that question by revealing the existence of sound waves, which would be there regardless of the emptiness of the woods. Or has it? On the surface epistemology seems to have solved the question but the fact is metaphysically speaking it has not been solved at all because the question was about the nature of reality itself, and whether or not the reality of the tree falling would even exist if there was no one to experience it. Would the universe simply withdraw the portion itself that was not being experienced by anyone?This question cannot be answered by either branch, but possibly by a combination of the two. With regards to epistemology, the world actually exists as a series of images, ideas and concrete forms that can be interacted with. Yet despite the objective references that are this world, it still cannot be explained or even researched in an epistemic way without first encountering some profound questions which in turn lead to further dilemmas. The question as to how one reasons is one such dilemma, yet this question and the myriad ossibilities that arise from it falls partially in the domain of metaphysics. Epistemology, in order to function as it is supposed to, must accept that knowledge can be communicated and that reality is a quantity that can be known, at least to some extent. Because there must be an underlying similarity between individuals in order be able to communicate this knowledge, so there must be at some level a similarity between human minds and that means that the concepts tied up in metaphysics must be linked to epistemology.This strange dualism does not detract from either concept; indeed it actually enhances each one. By giving up dependence on the concept of uninterrupted reality, something outside science, epistemology does not relinquish obje ctive truth; instead it grabs holds of it even more tightly and wraps itself up in the dualism created by its symbiosis with metaphysics. The core concepts espoused by both of these branches of philosophy are not at heart incompatible, in fact we see that the opposite is quite true.Just as the foundation of epistemic inquiry is the belief in the existence of things, it is only apt that it should be counterbalanced by metaphysics, which questions that very existence. Without this both branches would be in states of imbalance. There is a correlation within and between epistemology and metaphysics which clearly demonstrates a relationship of interdependency between these core concepts of philosophy.Conventionally there is believed to be a sharp distinction between them, but at close examination it becomes clear that these two branches of philosophy far from being distant form each other are actually intricately intertwined. It is therefore important when travelling down either of these paths of wisdom to not only tread lightly, but with our head turned in the direction of the other aspect because with each of them firmly taking our hands as we travel, we are liable to become confused and lose our way.

Cotton Profile

Cotton holds the position of being the most used fiber in the world as well as the â€Å"number one fiber used for apparel in the United States† (Willbank). Cotton belongs to the same family of hibiscus and okra. Among cotton’s species are the American Upland Cotton, a low multi-branch shrub grown annually; the long fiber Egyptian and the Sea Island cottons botanically grown in Egypt and brought to the U. S. ; and the Pima, originally known as American-Egyptian cotton (Pakistan Cotton Ginners’ Association). The exact age of cotton is unknown. Scientists, however, found â€Å"fiber and ball fragments from the TehuacA?n Valley of Mexico,† which they determined to be about 7000 years old. Cotton has been grown and used in India for more or less 5000 years (Pakistan Cotton Ginners’ Association). About 3000 years ago, it was â€Å"grown and made into cloth in the Indus River Valley in Pakistan (Willbanks), the same time Egyptians in the Nile Valley made and wore cotton clothing (â€Å"The Story of Cotton†). More than 1,300 years ago, Chinese emperor Ou-ti was recorded to have worn a cotton robe in his succession to the throne (Textile Exhange). In approximately 800 A. D. , Arab merchants brought cotton in Europe.In 1492, â€Å"Christopher Columbus found cotton in the Bahama Islands† (Willbanks). In 1607, cotton â€Å"was one of the earliest crops grown by European settlers† in Jamestown colony (Pakistan Cotton Ginners’ Association). In 1730, the first machinery to spin cotton was used in England. It was in 1793 when Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, a machine used to separate cotton fiber from the seed. This gin made the separation process 50 times faster than doing it by hand (Willbanks). Today the whole world knows cotton. Its major producing countries are China, which â€Å"produced approximately 20 million bales of cotton,† and the United States, with 17.2 million bales of cotton productio n in 2000 (â€Å"The Many Faces of Cotton†). Other major producers are the Soviet States, and India, while less producing countries include Pakistan, Brazil, Turkey, Egypt, Mexico, Iran, and Sudan (Textile Exchange). There are three types of cotton, namely, low to medium grade cotton, better grade cotton, and organic cotton. The type â€Å"found in mass-produced goods and cotton blend goods† are called ‘low to medium grade cotton. ’ Better grades are the type with longer-staple cotton, often found in fine quality shirts and beddings.Examples of this type are the Egyptian cotton, Pima, Supima, American Egyptian, and Sea Island. Cotton grown without use of any pesticide and fertilizer is called organic cotton (Willbanks). Some of the famous manufacturers of cotton are Barhardt Manufacturing, BBA Nonwovens Veratec, Brannoc Fibers, Ltd. , Cotton Incorporated, Ihsan Sons (PVT) Limited, Leigh Fibers, and Textiles and Nonwovens Directory (Hegde et al. ) Based on the historical accounts on cotton fiber, it primarily served the purpose of clothing in various parts of the world.However, in the early 20th Century, a few cotton mills in the U. S. found â€Å"ways to upgrade the waste cotton fibers into saleable products. † This was the goal they had that was why they bonded fiber waste with latex and resin, whose end product was industry wipes (Hegde et al. ) Products such as â€Å"draperies, table cloths, napkins, and wiping towels† were developed after the World War II (Hegde et al. ). As people discovered mechanics and invented machines, cotton fiber served more and newer purposes than it originally did.Cotton is not only used for simple clothing but in a wide range of products and end uses, such as the basic apparel – blouses, shirts, dresses, children’s wear, active wear, separates, swimwear, suits, jackets, sweaters, neckwear, skirts, pants and hosiery (Swicoli AG Textile Services); shoes, handbags, and luggage (Willbanks); home fashion – curtains, bed spreads, comforters, throws, sheets, table mats (Swicoli AG Textile Services), upholstery fabrics, rugs, wall coverings, and tobacco cloth; sanitary supplies; industrial abrasives; book bindings (Willbanks); and medical and cosmetic applications – bandages and wound plasters (Swicoli AG Textile Services). It was found out in 1994 that 63 percent of cotton was utilized for apparel, 29 percent for home furnishings, and eight percent for industrial products and exportations (Willbanks). Within the last decade, bleached cotton fiber used for processing on conventional non-woven equipment has attracted interest and became available, particularly in medical and healthcare applications like in wiping and wiper markets and some apparel markets. However, since bleached cotton for non-woven application is relatively new, it is quite an expensive fiber and its sources are few (Hegde et al. ).Cotton fiber was also tapped to help control th e problem of soil erosion. Mulch & Seed Innovations, together with Cotton Incorporated and the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, has created â€Å"two all-natural cotton-fiber hydro mulch products† to answer the soil erosion problem. These mulches are more favorable than wood, paper, or synthetic ones because they allow grass seeds to develop faster while protecting the soil against heavy wind and rain (Delta Farm Press). This is all because cotton is porous, absorbent, and biodegradable, which makes it perfect for controlling soil erosion and developing seed (qtd. in Delta Farm Press).Cotton’s popularity is rooted from its desirable properties, which includes aesthetics, comfort, breathability, absorbency, soft hand, durability, and easy care (Shukr US). Cotton fabric, which is 100 percent untreated, â€Å"has a pleasant matte luster; a soft drape† (Willbanks) or fall (Shukr USA); â€Å"and a smooth hand† (Will banks) or appearance to the eye (Shukr USA). Cotton fabric is also known to be very comfortable due to its soft hand (Willbanks). In addition, it possesses excellent absorbency or â€Å"ability to take in and hold moisture. † However, it is not good at releasing it, thus poor wickability or â€Å"ability to transport moisture perspiration away from the body to the garment’s surface† (Shukr USA).Moreover, cotton is known for its breathability or air permeability, the ability of a â€Å"fabric to allow air to pass through its construction. † However, when cotton fabric becomes too moist or wet, its breathability is reduced (Shukr USA). Another undesirable feature of cotton fabric is that it wrinkles and shrinks easily. But with treatment or blending with polyester, wrinkles and shrinks are both reduced (Shukr USA). Cotton fabrics require easy care. They can be machine washed and dried. But sunlight harms cotton, â€Å"causing it to oxidize and turn yellow. † Acids also harm cotton fabrics. Cotton fabrics can be bleached but not too much since this will weaken the fibers (Willbanks). The cotton fiber is preferred by majority of consumers worldwide.This is why it will continue to increase its share in the fabric market (Hegde et al. ). Thanks to cotton’s rich history, desirable properties, and variety of uses, life now is more comfortable. Works Cited â€Å"Cotton. † Swicofil AG Textile Services. 12 October 2007 . â€Å"Fiber History. † Textile Exchange. 12 October 2007 . Hegde, Raghavendra, et al. â€Å"Cotton Fibers. † University of Tennessee Knoxville. 2004 April. 12 October 2007 . â€Å"History of Cotton. † Pakistan Cotton Ginners’ Association. 2001. 12 October 2007 . Penton Media.â€Å"Cotton-fiber hydromulch option for erosion control. † Delta Farm Press. 28 September 2007. 12 October 2007 . Shukr USA. 2007. Fabric Guide. 12 October 2007 . â€Å"The Story of Cotton. † Cotton Counts Education Resources. 12 October 2007 . â€Å"The Many Faces of Cotton. † Cotton Counts Education Resources. 12 October 2007 . Willbanks, Amy. â€Å"Cotton. † Fabrics. Net. 12 October 2007. .

Management in Health and social care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management in Health and social care - Essay Example By contrast, the new reform models require purchasers-government-appointed authorities, private insurers, or risk-bearing groups of health providers-to proactively manage and allocate resources amongst different health care needs. Purchasers are expected to manage treatment decision-making by physicians and other health providers. Managed competition and traditional single structured management combine elements of both government planning and market approaches. Managed care, another concept that is often referred to in the context of health care reform, is the mechanism through which managed competition proposals seek to obtain cost savings, but as described further below, can be employed in any health care system. The internal market programme has been surprisingly successful. The large majority of the measures of which the programme was made up have been adopted in time. Admittedly, there are areas which lag behind (such as free movement of persons). Moreover, it has not always bee n possible to maintain the rigorous approach originally and a lot remains to be done with regard to implementing the adopted measures at national level. Nevertheless, the essence of the internal market is in place, which finds perhaps its most spectacular expression in the complete abolition of controls on the movement of goods. From an economic point of view, the question whether there is an external dimension to the internal market sounds almost ridiculous. How could, an economist would argue, a policy of economic integration that is as encompassing as the internal market programme and that applies to twelve developed countries which play an important role in international trade not affect trade and economic relations with the outside world However, from the point of view of law-and policy-making the question could be raised in the early stages, as indeed it has been. One can safely say that until 1988 the attitude of the Community's institutions towards both the external effects of the internal market programme and the relationship between the programme and the Community's external policies was one of benign neglect. Before describing the competition-oriented reform models, a preliminary question must be addressed: why is health care reform needed A number of factors have converged creating strong pressures for health care reform in developed countries. These factors include: concerns over increases in total spending on health care services; concerns over rapidly increasing government spending; access and rationing concerns; and concerns over the cost-effectiveness and, indeed, effectiveness of many services supplied. Let us look more closely at the forces contributing to reform throughout the 1980s and 1990s, beginning first with the concern over growth in total health care spending. Throughout the 1970s there were significant increases in the proportion of gross domestic product (GDP) (the total value of all goods and services produced by a country) absorbed by health care spending. Between 1972 and 1982 there was a 36-percent, 30-percent, 26-percent and 25-percent increase, respectively, in the percentage of GDP spent on

South And East Asia - Environment And Society Essay

South And East Asia - Environment And Society - Essay Example The people belonging to the Austronesian family who originated from the southern part of China and Taiwan began to move into the islands of South and East Asia around four thousand years ago. The original inhabitants were either displaced or absorbed by the wave of migrations. Nearly all the languages that are being spoken in the insular South and East Asia belong to the Austronesian family group. Cultural variations began to affect the regions as a result of increased influences from the expansion of the South by the Chinese controlled regions leading to the colonization of Vietnam. The Buddhism and Taoism arrived in the region of Vietnam from China resulting in a remarkable cultural influence. The expansion of trade across the Bay of Bengal resulted in increasing Indian influences that were well represented in large populations where the people were deeply involved in rice growing activities that were being supported by irrigation. These were seen in regions such as Vietnam, Cambod ia, Myanmar, and Java. The aspects of local societies were linked up with the various forms of Buddhism and Hinduism to form part of the laws that government leadership and court systems. The variations in the environmental conditions greatly affected the political structures of the region. In cases where the people were mainly nomadic or semi-nomadic, it was a major challenge to be able to come up with a proper means of governance that were to be marked by reliable tax systems as well as stable bureaucratic approaches.

BARN BURNING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BARN BURNING - Essay Example This story is no exception, however, the greatest job that he served as a writer was the intricate fabrication of fine play of words with the anxiety and aggression that the protagonist faced. The characters in the story play an important part in explaining to readers the general behavior of people. The main characters are an antagonist who gains sadistic pleasure in destroying the elements of law in the society, a protagonist who chooses the right path and in turn shows the readers the right path, and the secondary characters who either are the cause for the behavior of antagonist or are meek observers who do not have the heart to choose the right path. This story has it all. In the story, the protagonist is young Sartoris Snopes, or Sarty as he is referred to in the rest of the story, and the antagonist his stern father, Abner Snopes. The conflict that forms the central theme is the loyalty towards one’s blood or loyalty towards truth and justice. While the antagonist prefers the former to the two, more to satisfy his own evil deeds and to secure his foothold, the protagonist prefers the latter. The conflict arises because the two are related by blood and while on many occasions Sarty tries to show his sense of loyalty to blood, he fails to understand his father’s desire to destroy his enemy, more so when he himself is responsible for creating that enemy. Young Sarty is in a bind because the antagonist is his father, so while his morals prefer justice and truth, they also compel him to be faithful to his father. Parents are the central figure for a child, however, with Sarty choosing the path of justice at the end, the writer shows how rel ations need to be restrained in order to do the right thing, which also indicates breaking free from the illusions and the bonds that keep a person from doing the right thing. Abner Snopes is a disgruntled man who is unable to find his sense of security for the simple reason because he is poor and

Explain how inbound logistics, conversion operations and outbound Essay

Explain how inbound logistics, conversion operations and outbound logistics converge to provide intergrated logistics - Essay Example rations involves several essential elements of a business such as production management, information flows, transportation of goods, warehousing, inventory control etc. Handling such activities with precision has become inevitable for the companies to gain competitive advantage over their competitors and strengthen its market positioning. It covers several operational aspects of a business, such as order processing, distribution of goods, as well as packaging which are essential for the timely receipt of raw materials as well as delivery of the finished products to the end users. Logistics can be defined as â€Å"The process of planning, implementing, and controlling procedures for the efficient and effective storage of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements. This definition includes inbound, outbound, internal, and external movements1.† While the business dictionary defines logistics as â€Å"planning, execution, and control of the procurement, movement, and stationing of personnel, material, and other resources to achieve the objectives of a campaign, plan, project, or strategy. It may also be defined as the management of inventory in motion and at rest.2† Michael Porter’s Value Chain Model3, is an essential tool that helps in analyzing the various activities through which, the firms across the industry, seek to create competitive advantage. This model involves a series of support activities which are shown in the following diagram: The basic idea behind this model is to depict the various activities that create value to the organization which should be far greater than the cost involved in providing the product or service, hence creating a substantial profit margin in the process. These activities are explained through the case study of the â€Å"Bombay Dabbawalas† (Lunch box carriers from a city in India), a six sigma operation, recognized as a

Operational management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Operational management - Case Study Example In the work of Barnes (2008) operations management entails proper use of the available resources to make effective and quality production successful. McDonalds embraced the operations management strategy, validating the reason for its success in the market. First, Hill (n.d.) argues that McDonalds has spent a great deal of their energy on product planning. This is inclusive of coming up with products that are friendly to the clients in terms of cost and attractiveness. In the case of McDonalds, a lot of clients have indicated their passion for the chicken nuggets by the restaurant (Hill, n.d.). With the schedule manager on board, McDonalds is able to plan a sales chart, which allows production at any given time. The clients, therefore, return as they yearn for more from McDonalds and are rarely disappointed by the organization. New products are constantly added on the menu as seen in Hill’s (n.d.) work since the client’s preferences constantly change. The menu is inclusive of all foods and drinks for all weathers even the cold season (Hill, n.d.). McDonalds is keen to plan a way forward to deal with its high demand. Hill (n.d.) clearly indicates how McDonalds deals with the volume of production and how to deal with the demand of the clients. Planning the capacity in this case has led to the organization deal with the demand variations both on long and short term basis. Hill (n.d.) emphasizes that the McDonald’s managers are quick to respond to the peak hours of the business, for instance lunchtimes, Friday evenings and weekends in the Eastborough restaurant. With adequate stock of ingredients, McDonalds is able to maintain its large clientele base. In the McDonalds world, layout design has been of essence in making the organization a success. Hill (n.d.) quickly explains the arrangement of the organization that allows effective working, service provision, welcoming the clients, administration and

Wal-Marts shift to Radio Frequency Identification Essay

Wal-Marts shift to Radio Frequency Identification - Essay Example With money, people could easily purchase exactly what they wanted or needed. This continued on for a few centuries and is still in use in the world though not in the same sense as it used to be before. Today science and technology have revolutionized each and every aspect of human life. Shopping and business are no exceptions-they too have been profoundly modified by technology. Credit cards, billing systems, shopping on the web, internet bank accounts and the system of barcodes on products are some of the examples that depict the extent to which technology has penetrated into this frontier. Even though many advances have been made, global concerns are growing regarding aspects like shoplifting, piracy and misappropriation of products. To check these many solutions have been proposed like the bar code system and most recently the RFID technology. This technology has both merits and demerits as does every other technology ever conceived. Wal Mart's decision to make use of it has given it an impetus. This essay describes about the prospects and aspects of RFID technology keeping Wal Mart in the background. RFID, an emerging technology, stands for Radio Frequency Identification. ...An RFID tag is a small object, such as an adhesive sticker, that can be attached to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person. RFID tags contain antennas to enable them to receive and respond to radio-frequency queries from an RFID transceiver. Passive tags require no internal power source." The tags are generally miniaturized electronic circuits enclosed in protective cases. When they absorb signal from a reading device they get activated and send out data to the reading device. When an RFID tag passes through the electromagnetic zone, it detects the reader's activation signal. The reader decodes the data encoded in the tag's integrated circuit (silicon chip) and the data is passed to the host computer for processing(RFID: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 2005). In this way details like its location etc can be ascertained by the reading device. Based on power consumption tags are classified as active or passive. Passive RFID tags have no internal power supply. They do not contain any batteries inside them. The minute electrical current induced in the antenna by the incoming radio frequency signal provides just enough power for the tag to transmit a response. Lack of an onboard power supply means that the device can be quite small and light weight: commercially available products exist that can be embedded into many products. As of 2005, the smallest such devices commercially available measured 0.4 mm 0.4 mm, which is thinner than a sheet of paper; such devices are practically invisible to the naked eye (RFID: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 2005).

14.Public Diplomacy has become increasingly important in recent years Assignment

14.Public Diplomacy has become increasingly important in recent years. Why Discuss and illustrate with empirical examples - Assignment Example Murrow’s Centre for Public Diplomacy, Edmund Gullion takes public diplomacy as â€Å"Through public diplomacy people understand the means by which private groups, governments, and individuals influence the opinions and attitudes of other people and governments in a manner to exercise impact on their foreign policy conclusions.† What stands out in these two definitions for Public diplomacy is that it has to involve mechanisms that will affect the attitudes as well as opinions of other people, countries and governments. This paper will examine the reasons that have led to the clamour for public diplomacy especially in recent times during the 21st century by looking at specific examples. Public diplomacy becomes the next frontier in the study and practice of diplomacy. The â€Å"ancient† diplomacy style has been supplanted with â€Å"fresh†, free American-style diplomacy (United States. (1987)Several states have advanced beyond upholding open diplomacy on the face of the world to using public to secure and promote their national interest overseas. Public diplomacy was a principally salient government quest during the Cold War era when ideologies contest, communism versus democracy, was at the peak. Bipolar quality of public diplomacy throughout the period of the cold war has been replaced by several nations involved in public diplomacy as central securities in soft power have risen. Wang (2011) outlines the theory of soft power as an international image, specifically highlighting the values underlying the interest of a particular government. For instance, United States soft power is the capacity to convince others through the acceptability of its actions. The connection with public diplomacy rests between the concept of theoretical international relations of several â€Å"forms† of power and the concrete elements of the manner in which states improve or expand the capacity of their soft power. In as much as public diplomacy has materialized to be