Friday, May 31, 2019

Battle of Gettysburg :: essays research papers

What was supposed to last 90 days, now dragged on for more than two years. It was apparent, now more than ever, that little was being accomplished but the taking of hundreds of thousands of lives. The war between the Union and Confederacy had been in a sort of deadlock where each locateing could claim victories as easy as defeats. By this time the south had the upper hand militarily wise, righteous coming off a glorious tactical victory at Chancellorsville in May. General lee(prenominal) headed the Confederacys, Army of Northern Virginia, General Meade headed the Unions Army of the Potomac. some(prenominal) sides sawing machine the need to win that one, crucial victory to turn the tide completely in their favor. They would get their chances at a small town in Pennsylvania. The struggle was dubbed the Battle of Gettysburg for the town of Gettysburg, PA. By June of 1863 General Lee asked President Davis to march his army north out of VA. Davis granted Lee permission. Lee, wit h 75,000 troops, made his way north, just west of the Blue Ridge Mountains into Maryland. Lee made haste in doing so. He wanted the advantage to set up a defensive position forcing the Union to attack him there. His troops went from town to town for food and supplies. On June 28th they crossed into Pennsylvania and toward Gettysburg. Upon arrival about a mile nor-west of town, Colonel Bufords cavalry unit met Lees III Corps headed by General Hood. Much to his disappointment his troops had began to fight without his acknowledgement. Meanwhile, the Army of the Potomac was desirous on Lees heels but marched east of the Blue Ridge so as not to be detected. Meade with 100,000 men would arrive piece by piece in the next two days from the south of town. The battle was inevitable and it began here in a little known farm town. Both sides knew that Antietam was just a prelude, a year earlier, to the carnage which was to come. General and soldier alike could see what was unraveling. These arm ies saw a similar scenario the first time Lee brought his army north. Many reasons can be attributed to why General Robert E. Lee wanted to lead his troops into hostile northern territory. He knew he would be vastly outnumbered and without support. One reason was that for 2 years now Virginia was being destroyed do to battle and armies.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Young Goodman Brown Essay -- essays research papers

The main focus of the story Young Good piece brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne is the triumph of evil over substantially. A supposedly good man is tempted by evil and allows himself to be converted into a man of evil. This is much like the situation that arises in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, where two people are tempted to sin and give in thus submitting themselves to the power of the devil. In this novel, the area where the devil resides is strictly parallel to that in Young Goodman Brown. As Goodman Brown sets off on his walk into the forest, he believes that there is more good within his community than evil, and that he himself is a good man. He believes that he exit follow his wife to heaven. Yet as he talks with his fellow traveler his thoughts are soon swayed. Goodman Brown talks of his father and grandfather and how they neer went into the woods on such an errand as himself, for they were honest men and good Christians. Yet his companion tells him of many a sin his relative s had committed and the walks he had taken with them, therefore proving to Goodman Brown that his father and grandfather before him were not perfectly innocent, good people. Goodman Brown says to his companion that the people of New England are a good people of prayer and abide no wickedness. Again, the traveler returns with comments of the church deacon drinking the communion wine and the town selectmen selling...

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Arthur Koestlers Darkness At Noon :: essays research papers

Arthur Koestler &8216Darkness at Noon&8217Revolutionary and political ethics&8216Darkness at Noon&8217 is the second novel of a trilogy, which revolves most the central theme of revolutionary ethics, and of political ethics in general the problem whether, or to what extent, a noble ends justifies ignoble means, and the related conflict betwixt morality and expediency. The theme of the novel relates to the ever-present troth faced by the leaders of any political company or revolutionary movement, from the slave rebuff in the first century to the Old Bolsheviks of the nineteen thirties. Revolutionary ethics or the issues faced in revolutionary movements are timeless, and as an incentive to write his novel, Arthur Koestler was troubled by this theory, and also by the regime of terror that was governed by Stalin this century. This issue of whether a noble end justifies ignoble means is the revolutionary predicament that Koestler refers to, and was the question that he aspired to re solve.From the sixth hour until the ninth hour darkness came over all the land. About the ninth hour Jesus cried out in a loud voice, &8216Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?&8217 &8211 which means, &8220My God, My God, why have you forsaken me?&8217 (Matthew 2745-46)Darkness at Noon is a fictional account of the truth behind the Stalinist State at the close of the infamous Moscow Show Trials in 1938, where forty-eight of the fifty-four on the executive of the Communist political party were dead. All members of the party knew that Lenin and Trotsky had been the real leaders of the Revolution and consequently they did not accept Stalin as the successor to Lenin. So accordingly, as Stalin was aware of the aspirations against him, as he consolidated major power it became more dangerous to have known Lenin. The result of this was that over 70% of the Seventeenth Party Congress, which was held in 1934, had been arrested and executed in Stalin&8217s opinion, these people had outlived their us efulness. by means of the thoughts and actions of the main character, Nicolas Salmanovitch Rubashov, an Old Bolshevik, the Soviet politics between 1917 and the Stalin era were outlined. The party&8217s transformation disturbed Rubashov, as a member of the party, but he did not wish to be expelled, so he continued to work with the Party against his conscious. Rubashov did everything that was asked of him, and therefore in essence he was a loyal Party member.

Considerations When You Buy an Existing Web Site :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

Considerations When You bribe an Existing Web SiteReprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com Almost everyone in the business of selling new web layes offer impressive presentations intercommunicate future sales and growth, still its really just an educated guess about what may happen with any particular website in a wedded market niche. When all is verbalize and done, all projected revenue and earnings on a new website are, to a certain extent, just hanging on a hope and a prayer.If you want to greatly improve your chances of mastery on the internet then should buy an animate website. A website thats already constituted and successful will allow in you to get on the internet quickly while already having a track record of success. It just makes sense that your chances for success will be a great deal greater. While it is not always easy to locate successful websites that the possessors are willing to sell, there are still push-down list of them around. The best way to reg ain one is to use the services of an established website marketplace. We developed VotanWeb as the ideal platform to allow website owners to present their websites to the public. It is excessively the completed tool for anyone with an interest in purchasing established turn-key websites.What is your perception of a turn-key website? Do you believe that if you purchase a turn-key website then you can just sit back and let the property roll in? Remember, although the t suitable has been set by the current website owner, the website still requires your input and management to ensure it is a success. buy an existing website does have somewhat advantages, but it is by no means a guarantee of success. The website developer may have already done demographic and marketing studies evaluating the existing customer base, write of website traffic, etc. Of course, the website seller cannot guarantee your success nor will they guarantee any projected revenues or profits. Probably the most entrancing feature of buying an existing website from the buyers point of view is that you can investigate any existing website much easier than you can research an idea for a non-existing website. The cause for this is because you will be able to research the existing website as well as other websites in the same or similar markets. You can also communicate with the current website owner and they will be a wealth of information for you.Considerations When You Buy an Existing Web Site Sell Websites Buy WebsitesConsiderations When You Buy an Existing Web SiteReprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com Almost everyone in the business of selling new websites offer impressive presentations projecting future sales and growth, but its really just an educated guess about what may happen with any particular website in a given market niche. When all is said and done, all projected revenue and earnings on a new website are, to a certain extent, just hanging on a hope and a prayer.If you w ant to greatly improve your chances of success on the internet then should buy an existing website. A website thats already established and successful will allow you to get on the internet quickly while already having a track record of success. It just makes sense that your chances for success will be much greater. While it is not always easy to locate successful websites that the owners are willing to sell, there are still plenty of them around. The best way to find one is to use the services of an established website marketplace. We developed VotanWeb as the ideal platform to allow website owners to present their websites to the public. It is also the perfect tool for anyone with an interest in purchasing established turn-key websites.What is your perception of a turn-key website? Do you believe that if you purchase a turn-key website then you can just sit back and let the money roll in? Remember, although the table has been set by the current website owner, the website still req uires your input and management to ensure it is a success. Buying an existing website does have some advantages, but it is by no means a guarantee of success. The website developer may have already done demographic and marketing studies evaluating the existing customer base, profile of website traffic, etc. Of course, the website seller cannot guarantee your success nor will they guarantee any projected revenues or profits. Probably the most attractive feature of buying an existing website from the buyers point of view is that you can investigate any existing website much easier than you can research an idea for a non-existing website. The reason for this is because you will be able to research the existing website as well as other websites in the same or similar markets. You can also communicate with the current website owner and they will be a wealth of information for you.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Brazil Why We Fear the 20th Century Essay -- essays papers

Brazil Why We business the 20th CenturyWhy We Fear The 20th Century In the early 1980s, a vision of dystopia was lying in the mind of Terry Gilliam. That vision was his future film Brazil to be written by Tom Stoppard, Charles McKeown, and himself. The movie was filmed in Wembley, England by Lee International Film Studios. After being a remarkable success during its release in Europe in 1984, Brazil had much more difficulties with its release in the United States. Terry Gilliam had previously signed a set about with Universal Studios for an expected 132-minute movie.Brazil, as released in Europe was 142 minutes long. Universal Studios took this opportunity to edit the film as they chose to make it a more salable film from their perspective. Unfortunately for Terry Gilliam, this meant that they would completely reconstruct the meaning of the movie. He quickly took to doing his own re-editing of the movie to fit it in the 132 minute prerequisite and dour it over in Janu ary of 1985. Once this was done, Universal Studios no longer had the right to change Gilliams movie and instead insisted on non releasing it.Infuriated by his work being put on the shelf, Terry Gilliam took out a full-page advertisement in Variety magazine with the words Dear Sid Sheinberg,when are going to release my film BRAZIL? Although this advertisement did not get his film released it did create quite a stir among the Los Angeles movie critics. In fact, they were so comical about the movie that the film was played privately in their homes and getting fantastic reviews. The movie did so well, that it ended up winning surmount Picture, Best Screenplay, and Best Direction. With much reluctance and little advertising, Universal Studios to released the movie in December of 1985. (httphome.sol.nofrittz)This final release is what still holds the fans of today. Every frame of the movie is dissertation to its audience about the issues surrounding the twentieth cytosine and particularly the late seventies and early eighties. It can speak so well of the entire century because the setting itself is unclear about when the events of the film are occurring. In the opening sequence to the movie, 849 pm (pause) somewhere in the 20th century, appears crossways the screen. The people are dressed in 1930s fashions using technologies, some of which are beyond the ... ...ther, who wore the hat, was the perfect individual in Brazils society. She spent haemorrhoid of money and felt the government was doing a wonderful job by making it possible for her to think about nothing but her plastic surgery. Reagan not only increased the gap between the classes, he dramatically increased peoples urge to buy because it was the popular thing to do. Americas government was frighteningly close to the Ministry of Information when it came to pushing products. Slogans about buying and being American were one and the same.Brazil tackles an enormous amount of concerns about pr ogress in the twentieth century. Those issues included government control, the internet, invasion of privacy, separation of classes, consumerism, and technology. Though the specifics of the issues were different between decades, they were always on the forefront during this century. In about two hours, Terry Gilliam managed to take them all. Though Brazil itself seems very detached from the real world, the amount of parallels is astonishing. Overall, Gilliam encourages awareness. That progress and its brothers are not inherently evil but that they must be controlled, cared for and accompanied to.

Brazil Why We Fear the 20th Century Essay -- essays papers

brazil nut wherefore We Fear the twentieth CenturyWhy We Fear The 20th Century In the early 1980s, a vision of dystopia was lying in the mind of terrycloth Gilliam. That vision was his future film Brazil to be written by Tom Stoppard, Charles McKeown, and himself. The word picture was filmed in Wembley, England by Lee International Film Studios. After being a unprecedented success during its release in Europe in 1984, Brazil had much more difficulties with its release in the United States. Terry Gilliam had previously signed a contract with Universal Studios for an expected 132-minute movie.Brazil, as released in Europe was 142 minutes long. Universal Studios took this opportunity to edit the film as they chose to make it a more marketable film from their perspective. Unfortunately for Terry Gilliam, this meant that they would completely reconstruct the meaning of the movie. He quickly took to doing his own re-editing of the movie to fit it in the 132 minute obligato ry and turned it over in January of 1985. Once this was done, Universal Studios no longer had the right to change Gilliams movie and instead insisted on not releasing it. infuriate by his work being put on the shelf, Terry Gilliam took out a full-page advertisement in Variety magazine with the words nigh Sid Sheinberg,when are going to release my film BRAZIL? Although this advertisement did not get his film released it did create quite a stir among the Los Angeles movie critics. In fact, they were so curious about the movie that the film was played privately in their homes and getting fantastic reviews. The movie did so well, that it ended up winning exceed Picture, Best Screenplay, and Best Direction. With much reluctance and little advertising, Universal Studios to released the movie in December of 1985. (httphome.sol.nofrittz)This final release is what still holds the fans of today. Every frame of the movie is speaking to its audience about the issues surrounding the twentieth century and particularly the late seventies and early eighties. It can speak so well of the replete(p) century because the setting itself is unclear about when the events of the film are occurring. In the opening sequence to the movie, 849 pm (pause) somewhere in the 20th century, appears across the screen. The people are dressed in 1930s fashions using technologies, some of which are beyond the ... ...ther, who wore the hat, was the perfect individual in Brazils society. She worn-out(a) lots of money and felt the administration was doing a wonderful job by making it possible for her to think about nothing but her ductile surgery. Reagan not only increased the gap between the classes, he dramatically increased peoples urge to buy because it was the popular thing to do. Americas government was frighteningly close to the Ministry of Information when it came to pushing products. Slogans about buying and being American were one and the same.Brazil tackles an enormous amou nt of concerns about progress in the twentieth century. Those issues included government control, the internet, invasion of privacy, separation of classes, consumerism, and technology. Though the specifics of the issues were different between decades, they were always on the forefront during this century. In about two hours, Terry Gilliam managed to name them all. Though Brazil itself seems very detached from the real world, the amount of parallels is astonishing. Overall, Gilliam encourages awareness. That progress and its brothers are not inherently evil but that they must be controlled, cared for and attended to.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Islam and Freud

Lubna Rehman Freuds Dream Interpretation in the Light of Islamic Dream Ideas Questions about envisages, about why do we befuddle them and what do they mean argon questions that have been a subject of debate for centuries. On the cardinal hand we have scientists who believe that we fantasy forphysiologicalreasons alone and that breathing ins be essendially mental nonsense devoid of mental meaning A tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nonhing. The idea that dreams argon nothing more than(prenominal) than meaningless biology. On the other hand we have a coalition of Freudians which includes Dr.Fleiss who found his dream interpretations quite accurate and other dream analyzers who committed to the view that we dream forpsychologicalreasons and that dreams al elans contain important information about the self or some aspects of ones life which can be extracted by various methods of interpretation. This camp says that an uninterpreted dream is like an uno pened letter. The third camp is the one occupying the middle ground, that believes both of the extreme positions on the function and meaning of dreams to be partly right and partly wrong.Its proponents such as Alfred Adler argue that dreams may have both physiological and psychological determinants, and therefore can be all meaningful or meaningless, varying greatly in terms of psychological significance. Allan Hobson was also for a psychological meaning of dreams but he thought no need to lock it under layers of secretive subconscious meanings. The fourth and another important camp about dreams in the Muslim faith. In the Quran, as in the Jewish Torah and the Christian New Testament, dreams serve as a vital medium by which God communicates with humans.Dreams offer divine guidance and comfort, warn population of impending danger, and offer prophetic coup doeils of the future, offer a valuable source of wisdom, understanding, and inspiration. Satan also plays a major role in drea ms by bestowing dreams that set out grief or even purely intimate dreams (unlike Freuds sexual interpretation) which requires the dreamer to take a bath. Trying to c all over up the cultural chasm between Islamic and Western traditions, this paper is an attempt to highlight and contrast the Islamic and Freudian ideas of dream interpretation.The simple fact is that all humans dream, and indeed dreaming itself is a bridging phenomenon between the two traditions. Freud thought that the function of dreams was to allow the release of repressed thoughts and impulses which cause excitation in neural activity. The only way that the wish could be subdued is by the release of the nervous energy that was caused by it. Also, Freud noted that though the number of symbols is large, the number of subjects symbolized is not large. In dreams those pertaining to sexual life argon the overwhelming majorityThey represent the most primitive ideas and interests imaginable. Therefore, the same dream s ymbol meant that they both had the same repressed wish. Part of what do people skeptical about Freudian theories is this notion of universal dream symbolism. That is, if two people have the same visual imagery in a dream, is it the case that it has the same meaning? Some scientists dismiss the notion ofmeaningall together. Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley, two Harvard University scientists stressed that the motivating force for dreaming is notpsychologicalbutphysiological.Muslims on the other hand have been paying close attention to their dreams for nearly 1500 years, and their insights and observations have many significant points of contact with the theories developed by Western psychologists over the past 150 years. With the very definition of who the Islamic interpreters of dreams are, Muslims can discard the very existence of Freuds ideas. Sunnah says that the interpreters of dreams are each Prophets or their followers. Or else, they have to be good, pious and knowledgeable people who know the Quran, the sunnah, Arabic language and the culture and tradition of the people.Like Islam, even though Freud did fashion at the content, significance, purpose, the person, his people, state, job and livelihood Freud limited his growth when he theorized that personality is developed by the persons childhood experiences. He was always certainly about his disbelief in religion. He actually envisaged that as the masses of people become further educated, they would turn away from the fairy tales of religion. Carl Jung, a modern of Freud took an exception.He wrote, Freud has unfortunately over breasted the fact that man has never yet been able singlehanded to hold his own against the powers of darkness that is, of the unconscious. Man has always stood in need of the weird help which each individuals own religion held out to him. Jung agrees with Freud that dreams may look backward to past experiences, but he argues that dreams also look forward to anticipate wh at the dreamers future developments may be . Jung did not mean that dreams predict the future, only that dreams can suggest what might happen, what possibilities the future might hold.Hence, Carl Jung, a totally opposite pole of Freud and a non-deliberate support to Islam, believes in the religious man unlike to Freud who believed in the psychological man. Freuds perception of dreams seems so much influenced by secularism and so he seems to approach dreams from a materialistic point of view. To him, unlike Islam, dreams represent purely material meanings and the characteristics of dream life are a disconnected activity of separated organs or groups of cells in a sleeping mind. Freud took dreams to be like phobias and obsessions.He classified dreams into wishful thinking, being self-asserting or sexual and considered most of the symbols that appear in dreams to be sexual which represent the male or female sexual organs. As can be seen in the book Interpretation of Dreams, all kind o f playing, slipping, breaking branches etc were all symbols of masturbation according to him and breaking of teeth was something symbolic to castration. He observed that these symbols are a sort of substitute for the thought process, full of meaning and emotion. Where he interprets a lock and key to be a sexual act, the hadith interprets it to be a symbol of wealth, power and authority.Where he thinks of a knot to be another sexual act, a knot according to Islamic dream interpretation symbolizes grief. Unfastening of the knot symbolizes a freedom from grief. So, even though one can agree with him that these symbols carry a lot of meanings but one can also disagree with him on the kind of the meaning that they carry. It is not always true that all the dream symbols would carry the same message of hostility and sexuality. Looking at our normal life and the dreams that we get from time to time it is not true that all of them fall under these categories as Freud claims.Some dreams reve al more important messages to an individual or to society. Logically speaking, human beings are different and so they think differently, therefore, even their dreams, which may be representing another world of creation, must be of different kinds and each dream by necessity must have a different message that it carries. Therefore, Freuds allegation that most dreams are sexual is not acceptable. Nevertheless, his division of dreams into simple and complex is acceptable. Islams disagreement with him lies in, among other things, the way he describes the simple dreams, which he called wish ulfillments category. In his words he elaborated this category by saying these are connected with day time life. The wishes, which are fulfilled in them, are carried over from daytime and as a rule from the day before, and in waking life they have been accompanied by intense emotion. It is also not true that all the simple dreams are carried over from daytime and it therefore follows that not all of them are wish fulfillments of a dreamer. Furthermore, his rule of such dreams approach path from the day preceding the dream is also not true to all the dreams of this kind.An example to illustrate this will be of a dream analyst who was sent to Africa on a government mission. He confirmed that as much as he wished in his trip to East Africa to have a dream on Africans, he was not successful in the period of some months he spent with them. In Islam dreams are taken to be of great significance. They are not merely a matter of wild recollections of ones activities in his alertness that may resurface to someone in his sleep sooner they are a form of connection of the soul in its spirituality with the other unseen world.This can be easily observed in our cursory activities or even in something as least-considered as clothes which do have spiritual connotations. For example a woman wearing silk clothes in her dream implies her getting married, acquiring wealth or even a ceremony of som e forthcoming mourning. This clearly proves how dreams, as against Freuds theory, do have religious and not just materialistic links. In Surah Al-Anam, the Holy Quran says, He is the One who takes up your souls at night, and knows what you earned during the day, then raises you from it (sleep), so as to complete the time fixed (for you to live).Surah Al-Zumr says, God captures the souls at the time of death as well as those whose time has not yet arrived, in sleep. therefore He keeps back those whose death has been decreed and sends back for an appointed time, the others. Hence, in disagreement with Freud, Islam sees a complete connection with God while dreaming. Where in Islam the dream is related to the truthfulness of the dreamer, Freuds theory proves it to be the preceding days affair where Freud believed dreams to only gratify unconscious desires and longings, Islam showcases them as a glimpse into the future, a hint or sometimes even a warning.Being irreligious, and especiall y a non-Muslim, Freud did very little for the dream-theory propounded by different religions. Though his Interpretation of Dreams presents an impartial and almost unerring analysis of dreams, it includes only a few types of dreams. It gives us a mixture of different kinds of fallacious dreams while totally ignores the true dreams because veracious dreams have almost nothing to do with ones psyche and were, therefore, totally unknown to psychologists like Freud.Also, since the future is more important than the past of a dreamer, he would definitely prefer Islamic Hermeneutics in order to know about his future. Where Freudian Hermeneutics is the product of the researches/studies of one individual, in the Western context, in the raw post-Renaissance period Islamic Hermeneutics represents a divinely revealed system incorporating the entire structure of human existence in this world and the next, which is in itself detailed, complete and traditionally fighting(a) since many centuries in various parts of the Islamic world.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Chinua Achebe vs. Margret Atwood Essay

Compare the ways that vultures are portrayed and utilize in the verse forms by Margaret A cardinalod and Chinua Achebe. By Jessica Tilbrook. Chinua Achebe and Margret Atwood grew up in two very different environments. They were born almost a decade ap blind, yet they both managed to construct two very meaningful poems about vultures. Achebe was born in Nigeria in 1930. In 1967 the region of Biafra broke away from Nigeria. Achebe became a devoted supporter of Biafra independence and served as ambassador for the people of the nation. But to get this post there was a 3 year war of independence ravage. Chinua Achebe witnesses some horrific scenes.He saw babies, children and adults starving to there death. He saw his crap got people from Biafra killing others from Nigeria. He saw how loving people have the capacity to be evil and vice versa according to Achebes magnetic variation on the poem vultures. Chinua Achebe believed that any good work of art should have a purpose. Achebes vu ltures defiantly had a purpose, as it shows how even evil, vile creatures like vultures have the capacity to love. Throughout Achebes poem there is a negative feel. From the very start of the poem it is unpleasant and quite graphic in the description of the vultures.In the poem it occasionally refers to love as unrivaled of the vultures inclines affectionately. This notifys that even vile creatures can have the capacity to love. Chinua Achebe uses many techniques throughout his poem vultures. The social organisation of the poem has no rhyming scheme or lines of the same lengths. The lines are written short, likely on purpose as you can then lever the horror, by reading it slower, creating tension. Achebes poem isnt really in Stanzas it is more split into four sections this is probably done to keep the bunk of evil and ideas running through the poem.There is also a lack of punctuation throughout the poem, this could have been done on purpose to keep the poem flowing, like the sections. Chinua Achebe choose to right in past tense for the description of the vultures, as its easier to understand what vultures are like whereas the Belsen Commandant is described in the present tense. This might of been done to remind us that evil is all around us now, and everyone has the capacity to be evil. The word strange on its own, at the beginning of the second section retains us pause, and bet about whats actually going to be strange, which makes you think about the whole section.Throughout Achebes poem there is a lot of imagery a good example of this is Belsen Commandant a mass murderer and his children calling him Daddy, not father. This is probably done so you can visualise how the children have no idea of what there father has actually done, and they are treating him like normal. This is quite emotional to read, as you can imagine this really happening. Another example of Achebes imagery is the metaphors he uses to describe death and horror. In the first secti on it registers vulture perching full(prenominal) on broken castanets of a dead tree.This makes the atmosphere more intense, and builds up the tension from the very beginning. There is some alliteration in the poem, but there are not many references to sound. I think Achebe wants to concentrate on more visual images rather than sound effects to suggest his ideas. I liked Achebes version of the poem vultures. It had a very meaningful purpose, which is what Achebe wanted to achieve. He wanted to use vultures as a fomite to get people to understand that even the most loving of people have the capacity to be evil. I think he used vultures as a very successful vehicle at getting his point across.I also think that this poem is ambiguous on one hand, you could say that even the cruellest of creatures show even the tiniest amount of love, but on the other hand, that even the most loving creatures have potential to be even the slightest pussy evil. The second poem called vultures was wri tten my Margret Atwood. She was born in Ottawa, Ontario in 1939. She was a daughter of a forest entomologist, and spent part of her early years in the bush of North Quebec. Atwood is the joint honorary president of the rare bird club of birdlife international. The main message of this poem is how life comes of death.So basically the regular recurrence of life, and even from the most horrific things in life, can bring something extraordinary out of it. Throughout Atwoods poems there are references to death, such as hung and bones. This does not give a good vibe to the poem. Atwood uses several metaphors throughout. Then theyre hyenas, raucous around the kill, flapping their black umbrellas. This is two metaphors in one sentence. She describes the vultures as hyenas which is not only a good comparison but good use of imagery. Also Atwood says the vultures were flapping their black umbrellas this makes them out to seem enormous evil animals.The structure of Atwoods poem is done very well, as she occasionally puts odd words on a separate line to make you think about the poem in more depth. The poem is sort of in stanzas but there isnt maybe, which helps the poem keep flowing. every(prenominal) of the lines in the poem are roughly the same length, apart from the occasional odd word. I think it makes the poem easier to read, and get the rhyme flowing at the right pace. Margret Atwood uses a variety of meaningful and powerful words. For example carnage violate gluttonous all these words have a negative adjoin on vultures.As they are explaining why and how they are vile creates. But some people might say that the way vultures act is completely earthy. This is because it is natural for them to eat, which means killing other animals, to feed themselves and there family. Which shows this poem is also quite ambiguous. There arent many references to sound throughout Atwoods version of Vultures. But she does say vultures snigger at funerals. And sniggering refers to s ound. This also implies vultures are vile creature, as it is inappropriate to horribly giggle at a funeral.I think that Margret Atwood successfully used vultures as a good vehicle to show how life comes out of death, even in the most horrible circumstances. I notion both Chinua Achebe and Margret Atwoods poems both had very different meanings, but both shows contrasts between humans and vultures. In my opinion Chinua Achebes version of vultures was the best used vehicle to get his point across. As he point his point across very well, and he achieved his purpose that any good work of art should have a purpose. So I think Chinua Achebes poem just slightly had an edge over Margret Atwoods because of Achebes aims for his poem.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Analysis of Endgame

Modernism is not mere representation to a termination of time entirely it also represents a life style, way of thinking, different perspective to things, and rebel creation of art against previous schools. Therefore we will filter out to define this movement and present its characteristics especially in literature. Through wandering at Modernism we will take end game as an example of the pixilated theater that written by Samuel Beckett and we will explain how it embodies the characteristics of Modernism, language, style, and so forth.Modernism is cultural movement that reflects certain changes not completely in the arts (literature, drama, painting, music, sculpture, dance, architecture) but in sciences such as physics, chemistry, and so forth. Modernist production rose after World War to break tradition, beliefs, principles, and rules, this break includes a strong reaction against effected religious, political, and social views. Therefore Modernism refuses a single way of qu alitying at world and obvious separation between right and wrong, good and bad, and mavin and villain. Modernists rebelled against Victorian ideals.They emphasized humanism over nationalism and how humans were part and responsible to nature, plus they challenged the idea that God played an active utilisation in the world. So this leads them to the concept or notion that no person or thing born to specific use thus they challenged each assumption that point to presence meaning and calculate behind world events. The term modernism includes significantly experimental arts in addition to its rejection for any(prenominal) tralatitious style and conventions.Its technique is characterized by the disruption of chronological linear plot in fiction , the use of fragmentary images and dense allusions in poetry, and the forsaking of authenticist or naturalist characterization and dialogue in drama. All these features will be useful in analysis Endgame as an sloppedist theater. Endgame tends to support the superficial view that flock and things be meaningless, without significance. In comparison between Modernism and conventional drama such as reality and Naturalism we will find extreme differences between them.Realism in literature was part of a wider movement in the arts to focus on ordinary people and events. Realists tries to portray real life at the period of time (French revolution). It uses technique that represents real speech, action, events and clear emotions. Realist works are characterized by traditional narrative and real story that has real characters, events and conflict. Naturalism is a literary movement which characterized by the application of scientific determinism to literature.It depends on assumption that is real exists in nature. Realism and Naturalism are often linked due to its emphasis on realistic people in realistic settings, featuring ordinary people struggling against unseen forces over which they have no control. Realism and Natur alism differs insomuch that Realism focuses on literary technique whereas Naturalism focuses on a specific philosophy. Through our presentation for the characteristics of Modernism, we will give an example from Endgame that is written by Samuel Beckett.This play belongs to the absurdist theater Absurd is that which is devoid of purpose Cut off from his religious, metaphysical, and transcendental roots, man is lost all his actions become senseless, absurd, useless. Eugene Ionesco. Modernism as style of writing refers to new techniques to communicate the ideas or notions that are presented. One of its features is static, stripped action and dialogue and periods of silence. So it rejects any traditional styles and convention by its adoption of radically innovative and often complex, difficult forms.This is incarnate through Endgame. Endgame as the title describes an ending already known in the last part of a chess game, when there are truly few pieces left and its higher-ups alway s study how they guaranty themselves victory through maneuver their enemy into certain position. The play begins with ambiguous Clovs words that stresses on ending Finished, its finished, nearly finished, it must be nearly finished. The traditional development of events that involve a etymon and end of a story rejected through absurd theater.Therefore The play is not divided into acts or scenes, there is no interval, thus there is a sense of repetition, rough words and phrases return but they are never the same, e. g. pain killer, theres no more pain killer. The repetition of words, the static movement and the normal atmosphere point to that nothing will be changed, the implication is that the characters live in an unchanging, static state.Each day contains the actions and reactions of the day before, until each event takes on an almost itualistic quality. Endgame is one-act ply with four characters that divided into two pairs, Hamm and Clov who placed the major roles, Nagg and N ell who not appear at first but throughout the play we will discover that they are Hamms parents. The sitting for End game is a bare room with two small windows situated high up on the back wall. Hamm seated in wheelchair and he is covered with a sheet. There are two dustbins that Nagg and Nells lodging.There is along ladder which Clov needs it to look at through windows that high and narrow, the right one looks out over the earth and the left one looks out over the sea. HAMM (wearily) Quiet, quiet, youre keeping me awake. (Pause. ) Talk softer. (Pause. ) If I could sleep I might consider love. Id go into the woods. My eyes would see the sky, the earth. Id run, run, they wouldnt catch me. (Pause. )Nature (Pause. ) Theres something dripping in my head. (Pause. ) A heart, a heart in my head. (Pause. NAGG Do you hear him? A heart in his head (He chuckles cautiously. ) NELL One mustnt laugh at those things, Nagg. Why must you always laugh at them? NAGG non so loud NELL (without loweri ng her voice) Nothing is funnier than unhappiness, I grant you that. But This part of the dialogue presents some features of Modernism. Nagg and Nell live in static place (two dustbins) from the beginning to end. They make superficial dialogue between each other that represents unconventional situation and action.As for Hamm, cannot leave his wheelchair nevertheless he is the master and Clove with his automatic movement is the servant, P. S Clove is the only character who moves on his legs. It also presents the relationships between Hamm and Clov, Nagg and Nell, and the four among each other. The first relationship that embodied by Hamm and Clov represents master/slave and father/son needs, Hamm cannot live without Clovs help because of his inability (blind and disabled), in other hand, Clov needs survival that Hamm provides him.Nagg and Nells presence in two separated dustbins make them unable to contact with each other but comfort each other, they popping up their heads to call f or food that become a dog biscuit. The absurd theater also characterized by use of gestures and mime that mixed with quite silence pregnant pauses. Beckett focuses on using mime and gesture to portray the unuttered desires of his characters, and the ways of death dominates our thoughts. Hamms disability to move from his chair and see by his blind eyes point to that he already died because he cannot do anything to himself only through Clove.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Milk Research Essay

Milk is ancient as mankind itself legion(predicate) centuries ago humans learned how to consume the take out of other mammals following the domestication of different species of animals. These included cows, sheep, buffaloes, goats and camels, all still used today for human consumption. This development occurred independently in several separate of the valet starting in Southwest Asia perhaps as early as 8000-6000 BC. In 1863 a great invention, the then(prenominal)eurization, allowed to kill harmful bacteria in take out and milk products while in 1884 an American inventor, Hervey Thatcher, invented the first glass milk bottle (called Thatchers Common Sense Milk Jar).The first p inhabitic-coated bottles were introduced commercially in 1932. CONSUMPION WORLDWIDE Today in that respect argon more than 6 billion consumers of milk and milk products byout the world even if the role of milk in the handed-down diet is greatly different among regions the majority of the consumers are i n the developing countries but milk and its derivatives hold up non been a traditional food in tropical countries as they have been in northern regions of the world (Europe and matrimony America).The reason for that is primary the difference in temperatures and in the possibilities of refrigeration. It is estimated that 12 to 14 percent of the world population, more than 750 million people, live within dairy farm furthestm farm farming households for all these reason and for its prospective all important(predicate) role in improving nutrition, particularly in developing countries, milk is a good medium to reduce poverty and malnutrition in the world.As said in advance the natural milk consumption, as fluid milk and its products, per person is not homogeneously distributed in the world even if the trend descript before is going to change and the commercialize for milk is expanding in several places worldwide over the past two decades, all developing country regions have seen an expansion in per capita consumption of dairy products. Increasing affluence in developing countries has led to a rise of milk consumption in recent years and these growing commercialises have attracted investiture by multi issue dairy firms however, production in the majority of these countries re of imports on a small scale.Per Capita consumption of Milk and Milk products in divers(a) countries, 2006 data. Country Liquid Milk Drinks (Litres) Cheeses (kg) Butter (kg) Finland 183. 9 19. 1 5. 3 Sweden 145. 5 18. 5 1. 0 Ireland 129. 8 10. 5 2. 9 Netherlands 122. 9 20. 4 3. 3 Norway 116. 7 16. 0 4. 3 Spain (2005) 119. 1 9. 6 1. 0 Switzerland 112. 5 22. 2 5. 6 United Kingdom (2005) 111. 2 12. 2 3. 7 Australia (2005) 106. 3 11. 7 3. 7.Canada (2005) 94. 7 12. 2 3. 3 European Union (25 countries) 92. 6 18. 4 4. 2 Germany 92. 3 22. 4 6. 4 France 92. 2 23. 9 7. 3 brisk Zealand (2005) 90. 0 7. 1 6. 3 United States 83. 9 16. 0 2. 1 Austria 80. 2 18. 8 4. 3 Greece 69. 0 28. 9 0. 7 Argentina (2005) 65. 8 10. 7 0. 7 Italy 57. 3 23. 7 2. 8 Mexico 40. 7 2. 1 N/A China (2005) 8. 8 N/A N/A Source outside(a) Dairy Federation, Bulletin 423/2007. PRODUCTION In 2010 the largest producer of milk and milk products was India followed by the States, China, Germany, Pakistan and Russia.The 27 countries of the European Union together produced about 138 million t stars of milk in 2011. India is also the largest consumer of milk, yet neither trades nor imports milk. On the other hand hot Zealand, The EU 27 member states, Australia and the US are the worlds largest exporters while China and Russia are the worlds largest importers of milk and milk products. Dairy and other blood products have a superior income-elasticity of demand, oddly at low income levels. This means that amplifications in income leads to large increases in demand for these products.This analysis explains why milk and dairy consumption has increased so much in developing countries, as the GDP per capita has grown, and help to understand the production pattern that we see in these years. In fact, developing country harvest-time in demand for and consumption of milk has been matched by increasing production and their production ontogeny has significantly outpaced that of developed countries. Since the tardy 1980s a great part of the production growth has been concentrated in the developing countries.However, there are differences between developed and developing countries nigh milk in developing countries is still produced in a small scale system with little or no mechanization or saucy technological innovations, although large-scale units can be found also in developing countries. The real growth pole of milk production in the developing countries has been South Asia, which has seen continuous and sustained growth in production. Today, India alone is responsible for almost a third of developing country production and 16% of world(a) production.Latin America and the Cari bbean is the second-largest regional producer, but with production having expanded at a slower rate than in South Asia. easternmost and Southeast Asia, and especially China, has seen production grow at an extremely rapid pace over the past decade, but the regions production levels are still far short of those of South Asia and Latin America. To summarize, the major milk production regions are * South Asia 23 percent of ball-shaped production, mainly India and Pakistan. * EU-25 21 percent, mainly Germany and France. * USA 12 percent. * CIS 10 percent, mainly the Russian Federation and Ukraine.* Latin America 10 percent, mainly Argentina, brazil nut, Colombia and Mexico. * East and Southeast Asia 8 percent, mainly China and Japan. * Africa 5 percent ? the largest milk-producing countries are Egypt, Kenya, South Africa and Sudan. * Oceania 4 percent. * Near and Middle East 4 percent, mainly Iran and Turkey. Production of the induct it five countries Cow milk dominates global commer cial production in 2011 FAO estimates that 85% of all milk worldwide was produced from cows. United States is the biggest cow milk producer, accounting for 14. 6% of world production, followed by India and China.For the last fifty years, the dairy sector in most developed countries has shifted towards bigger push size and significantly higher annual milk production per cow. tally to the Inter matter Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR) the herd size in developed countries in the period between 2001 and 2007 went from 74 to 99 cows per herd in 17 countries covering Europe, Asia, Australia and North America. However, there is a large variation among countries, ranging from 19 cows per herd in Norway to 337 on average in forward-looking Zealand. Annual milk production in the same period increased from 7,726 to 8,550 kg per recorded cow in these countries.The highest average production was obtained in Israel, amounting to 12,546 kg per cow, and the lowest in New Zealand with 3,974 k g per cow. This reflects different production systems. The system in New Zealand is based on all year feed in contrast to Israel, where the system is based on in barn feeding with energy-rich make sense mixed rations. PRODUCTION OUTLOOK FOR NEXT YEARS dry land milk production in 2012 is prospect to grow by 2. 7 percent to 750 million tons. Asia is expected to account for most of the increase, with output in India forecast to rise by 5. 2 million tons to 12.7 million tons. Dynamic domestic demand is the main engine stimulating growth, as India is mostly absent from the international merchandise for dairy products. An increased output is also expected in China, Pakistan and Turkey as the demand slip bys to increase. High pass judgment of growth in production are expected in New Zealand and Australia as well, in order of 9% and 4% respectively. In the European Union the growth in milk output is expected to moderate in 201213 in response to lower profitability but production is projected to increase over the medium term. While the EU milk quota forgetincrease by 1 per cent a year through to 201314 before complete removal of quotas from 1 April 2015, the quotas are unconvincing to be a binding constraint on production. Over the past two years EU milk production was 6 to 7 per cent below the overall quota and production is expected to remain below quota until 201415. For what concern the flip-flop of milk, Asia pull up stakes continue to be the main market, with additional demand expected to come from countries such as China. Elsewhere, imports by Egypt may also grow, as could by Mexico and Venezuela. However, imports by Brazil may decrease, due to rising domestic milk production.Great increase in availabilities from pasture-based production in Argentina, New Zealand and Uruguay could stimulate their exports to rise by 12,8 and 5 percent respectively. The other principal trading countries as Australia, Belarus, the EU and the United States are anticipate d to maintain their sales levels. INTERNATIONAL business deal OF draw AND MILK PRODUCTS Global trade in dairy products has increased significantly in value and volume terms over the last decades. Between 1980 and 2008, the volume of total dairy exports (expressed in milk equivalents) more than doubled, from 41. 7 million tons to 92. 2.Also the share in volume terms of production that enters international trade increased, from 8. 5 percent to 12. 6 percent for dairy products, (whit an annual growth in exports of 2. 9%), reflecting the increasing degree of openness to trade of the sector and influenced by heavy use of export subsidies, which supported shipments of developed countries dairy exports. However, due to the non-durable nature of dairy products, the share of output that is traded internationally still remains relatively low. The major part of dairy products are consumed within the country of production and do not be traded.In fact a a couple of(prenominal) countries have a milk-surplus (Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, USA, Uruguay, countries of the EU and Eastern Europe while in most regions imports exceed exports, like in Algeria, China, Japan, Mexico, the Philippines and Russia. It is estimated that only roughly 6% of milk is traded across borders. Milk is mainly traded in the form of butter, milk powder and cheese, but also as concentrated milk, casein and butter oils. The EU and New Zealand are the biggest exporters of dairy products major importers include China, Mexico, Japan, Algeria, Russia, Philippines and Saudi Arabia.Producer prices for milk differ significantly around the world Latin America, South Asia and New Zealand are low cost producers countries such as the EU and US are high cost producers like Switzerland, Norway and Canada. Over 90% of milk production in New Zealand is exported, and therefore milk prices in New Zealand provide a good indication of the prices on the world market. Traditionally, the milk price in New Zealand w as about half the European milk price even if today EU milk prices are not that much above the New Zealand benchmark.International dairy trade pattern has traditionally been composed of exports from developed countries (EU, New Zealand, Australia, USA) to developing countries (China, Mexico, Algeria, Russia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia). New Zealand exports mainly to Asia, while EU exports mainly to Russia, North Africa and the Middle East. Although milk production is growing rapidly in many developing countries, so is domestic demand thus only a few developing countries, probably in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil) are expected to become significant exporters of dairy products in the near future.TOP EXPORTERS Oceania New Zealand and Australia (Oceania) bearing on the international dairy markets has increased considerably after the elimination of domestic support and deregulation, but also after reduced market society of some traditional exporters (notably from the EU). The global e xport market share of Oceania has risen from 20% in the 1980s to more than 40% today. The region has become an important driver of global dairy markets. NEW ZEALAND.In New Zealand the production of milk has been constantly raising until 17,895 tons in 2011. New Zealand produces about 2% of total world production at around 16 billion liters every year (New Zealand dairy production has risen 77% over the past 20 years) but, unlike most other countries, around 95% of its dairy production is exported rather than consumed by the domestic market. New Zealand is the major exporter of butter, with almost 44% of global exports and the major overall net exporter of dairy products whit a share of 35% of total trade.New Zealand is also an important exporter of skim and unscathed milk powders, contributing about 27% and 38%, respectively, of world trade. New Zealand dairy exports go to 151 countries the key markets are China, the US, Japan and the EU. Production of milk, New Zealand New Zealand s key export destinations AUSTRALIA Over the past two decades Australian milk production has been well above that volume required for domestic consumption, so that a significant proportion is destined for export markets. The share of total production exported has ranged from 40% to 60%.In the last three years Australia exported around 45% of its milk production which is the lowest proportion since the mid-1990s so although Australia accounts for an estimated 2% of the worlds milk production, ranks third in terms of world dairy trade, with a 10% share, behind the European Union and New Zealand. Japan is the single most important export market for Australia, accounting for 19% of exports by value. Australian exports are concentrated in Asia, which represented 72% of the total dairy exports value of A$2. 4 billion in 2009/10.Australias top five export markets by volume in 2009/10 were Japan, Singapore, China, Indonesia and the Philippines. The fastest growing export market for Australi a has been China. Production of milk, Australia EUROPEAN UNION European spousal relationship accounts for 32% on the total trade of dairy products. The largest dairy products manufacturing sectors in terms of value added generated in 2006 were found in France (EUR 3. 2 billion), Germany (EUR 2. 6 billion) and Italy (EUR 2. 5 billion) together these three States contributed almost half (48. 1 %) of the EU-27s value added.The dairy products manufacturing sectors of the United Kingdom and Spain were also relatively large they accounted for a have 18. 4 % of EU-27 output in 2005. Output grew at a faster rate than the EU-27 average in the three largest dairy producing countries during the ten-year period through to 2007. The strongest rates of growth, however, were recorded for Poland (on average rising by 4. 5 % per year) and Latvia (3. 0 % per year). Main trading partners of EU exports UNITED STATES The U. S. dairy industry is the sixth largest in the world in terms of milk productio n and represents more than 10% of the total world milk production in 2010.In terms of trade, around 13 percent of U. S. milk production was sold overseas in 2010. The total production is 193 billion pounds. In 2010, U. S. exports of cheese, total whey products, lactose and other dairy products were valued at $3. 71 billion, up 63 percent from the prior year. Export volume totaled 3. 04 billion pounds of U. S. U. S. dairy imports increased 2 percent in 2010 to $2. 60 billion. On a volume (total solids) basis, imports were the lowest since 1997. Export volume was more than four times the level of imports. Mexico, Southeast Asia and Canada are the main destinations for U.S. dairy products. In 2010, 12. 8% of U. S. milk production was sold overseas. On the other hand, New Zealand, Canada and Italy are the top three countries selling dairy products to the U. S. IMPORTERS rank of dairy products imports worldwide Major dairy products importers CHINA China has become a significant importer since 2009 for example it accounts for around 25% of world trade in whole milk powder (2011). This increase in imports has been driven by strong growth in domestic demand for dairy products and consumer concerns about the preventative of domestically produced.Over the medium-term, China is expected to remain a significant importer of dairy products with a projected rise in milk production unlikely to match the expected growth in domestic demand. Chinese milk production has partially recovered since 2008 and is forecast to rise by 5% in 2012 to around 32. 2 million tons. While New Zealand is expected to remain the largest exporter of milk powders to China, the United States has the potential to expand its exports of skim milk powder to this market over the medium-term. China is likely to remain an important market for Australian exports of whole milk powder and cheese.RUSSIA Russia is expected to remain a significant importer of dairy products with further growth in domestic demand and limited increases in milk production. In 2011 Russia imported 130 000 tons of butter and 315 000 tons of cheese. TRADE POLICIES Developed countries have tended to protect and subsidize agricultural producers through various trade and agricultural policy instruments. Milk has been no exception and has indeed been one of the agricultural product which has seen the highest level of subsidies and protection, measured by the nominal rate of assistance (NRA).The NRA is an indicator that measures the percentage by which government policies have raised make returns to farmers above what they would have been without government intervention. TRADE POLICIES (IMPORT) Many countries introduced measures to limit dairy imports. Brazil in 2004 decided to extend for an indefinite time the minimum export price requirement for imports from Argentina and Uruguay which was put in place in 2001. The extension was supported by Brazilian milk producers and opposed by the dairy industries of Argentina and Uruguay.In 2002, Colombia introduced a ban on imports of milk powder that was continued until April 2004. The government is following a policy of prohibiting imports and encouraging exports to support the national dairy sector. In recent years, difficulties have arisen with trade in milk powder with Venezuela which is a traditional market for Colombia. TRADE POLICIES (EXPORT) Following the finalize in international prices from 2001, a number of countries raised subsidies on exports, in order to allow their domestic industries to compete on the world market.In the case of the EU and the United States, subsidies rose significantly during most of 2002. Towards the end 2002 and for 2003, the level of export subsidies by the United States fell as international prices rose. In the EU, export subsidies remained high principally as a result of appreciation of the Euro. BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL TRADE ARRANGEMENTS Australia and Thailand finalized a Free Trade Agreement in 2005 which c ut tariffs for Australian dairy products. The agreement maintains restricted quota entry for dairy products but progressive access to Australian exports are allow over a 20 years period.United States concluded free-trade agreements with several Central American countries (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua) and the Dominican Republic. The countries involved will gain greater access to the US market, while many US exports will receive duty free treatment. Chile has signed a number of bi-lateral free trade agreements which include market access quotas for dairy products. These were signed with the United States, the European Union, and the Korean Republic. The agreements provide for annually increasing duty-free quota access and progressively reduced duties on out-of-quota exports.Russia and New Zealand signed a bilateral trade agreement in 2003. The agreement sets maximum levels for tariffs on dairy imports and provides security for New Zealands dairy access s hould Russia join the WTO. semipolitical ISSUE THE EU DAIRY REGIME Milk production comprises around 13% of the EUs total agricultural production. The EUs export surplus is small, around 5% of total production but accounts for around one-third of total world exports. The EU milk price is supported through high tariffs and export subsidies.High tariffs mean that the EU market for dairy products is effectively closed to imports from third countries. Reliance on export subsidies has been reduced in recent years as world market prices for dairy products have firmed and the EU specializes more in the export of higher-value cheese. However, they were temporarily re-introduced in 2009 as a mechanism to support milk prices in response to the very low prices in that year. Since 1984, the volume of milk produced in the EU has been limited by a quota although in recent years EU production has been below the quota ceiling. This quota arrangement is due to be eliminated from 2015.Simulations of the consequences of liberalizing the EU dairy market have been complicated by the simultaneous existence of high supported prices (which stimulate production) and the quota policy (which limits production). Some studies concluded that EU liberalization (defined as eliminating both protection and quotas) would result in increased EU production and net exports others find that the protective effect of import tariffs outweighs the put out-constraining effect of quotas and that full liberalization would result in lower EU production and net exports.It seems now that the two policy changes will not occur simultaneously. The decision to abolish quotas from 2015 is now an EU commitment, while tariff changes will not happen now. The most recent simulation study of quota abolition for the Commission, estimates that it will lead to an increase of milk production of 4-5%, with a consequent fall in intragroup EU prices of around 10% (IPTS 2009). Other observers note that many Member States no longer are filling their quotas.With lower internal prices and demand growth within the EU, they expect quota abolition in 2015 to have only a limited impact on EU milk supply (OECD/FAO 2010). Quota elimination without reducing or removing the protective effect of EU tariffs means that EU dairy production will be higher, and consumption of dairy products lower. This will amplify the EU milk surplus and depress the level of EU imports, and thus depress world market prices below the level they would otherwise be.EU high value cheese exports have a global market, but milk powder exports are sold mainly to developing countries (North Africa, Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa). In many African countries, EU competition has been criticized for undermining dairy development.Imports of milk powder were seen as responsible for the failed attempts to establish dairy plants to provide the national market with milk, butter and other basic products. On the other hand someone says that EU impor ts increase the availability of dairy products and benefit consumers who might not otherwise be able to access to dairy products. In many African countries domestic supply cannot satisfy the growing domestic demand.Products based on imported milk powder often target a different market segment to that served by the local informal dairy sector. Processing plants built initially to handle imported powder can also act as a stimulus to the development of a local dairy industry. The integrity might between these two opinions given the actual local production and the low purchasing power of people, imported milk and dairy products are in the short term the only possible way to provide populations request. High costs of production and inefficient marketing channels make local fresh milk more expensive than imported one.At the same time the existence of cheap dairy imports discourages processing plants from investing in local milk collection. By only reducing EU dairy exports to Africa Afr ican dairy production would not be immediately free because there are an increasing number of other low-cost exporters ready to enter the market. However, the availability of EU surplus powdered milk on the world market remains unfair competition, limiting the growth of the dairy sector in developing countries and undermining the incentives for farmers to boost local production to keep track with the growing demand.SOURCES * http//www. fao. org/index_en. htm * http//faostat3. fao. org/ space/index. html * http//www. usda. gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome * http//www. clal. it/en/ * http//www. ifcnnetwork. org/en/start/index. php * http//www. globaldairytrade. info/Home. aspx * http//www. milkproduction. com/ * http//www. dairyco. org. uk/ * http//www. dairynz. co. nz/page/pageid/2145859475/International_Visitors * http//www. euromilk. org/eda/index. aspx * http//www. dairyaustralia. com. au/ *.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Ganges River Flow Benefits for Bangladesh †How to Estimate It?

gang River Flow Benefits for Bangladesh How to estimate it? Zaman A. M. , Haque A. K. E. , Rahman S. M. M. , Mohiuddin F. A. Abstract For economic modeling in the Ganges Basin, an estimate of the peeing demand in the Ganges Dependent Area (GDA) in Bangladesh is required. This paper outlines a method for estimating this water demand. The proposed method is based on the integration of hydrological and hydraulic process models with economic models.In Bangladesh, a variety of mathematical models are currently used to estimate the impacts on Bangladeshs water resources system for variant upstream flow conditions, local hydrologic situations, Bay of Bengal circumstances, etc. The models include basin level hydrological models, 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional hydrodynamic models, morphological model, salinity model, Bay of Bengal model, etc. The first standard in the proposed method it to use these models to simulate a range of hydrologic and hydraulic scenarios in the GDA in Bangladesh .The next step involves using the outputs from these physical process models as inputs to economic models that estimate the economic benefits (and costs) in the GDA. These economic models will focus on different sectors that can potentially benefit from additional freshwater flows to the region, e. g. irrigated agriculture, open-water and amaze fisheries, navigation, ecosystem services (particularly the Sundarbans), dredging of river channels, water logging in polder areas, water supply, etc.For example, currently there is practically no flow into the Gorai River, a key river in the GDA, from the Ganges during the months of January to May. As a result, there is increased river salinity and sedimentation in the southwest region. Additional flows will not only allow increased agriculture production and improve water supply options but also reduce the costs of regular dredging of key rivers in the region. These estimated benefits represent economic water demands for the GDA in Bangla desh.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Use of Nasdat in Burgess’ a Clockwork Orange

Use of nasdat in Burgess A Clockwork Orange And, my brothers, it was real satisfaction to me to waltz-left two three, right two three-and carve left uptight and right cheeky, so that like two curtains of blood seemed to pour out at the same time, one on either side of his fat crappy oily snout in the winter starlight. Alex, A Clockwork Orange Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange is set in a futuristic city in a time, non too far off in the future. In this futuristic society, normal citizens have fallen into complacency and are oblivious to the return of a violent youth culture.Alex, the narrator and protagonist of the story, is a teenage boy who speaks in a contrived slang chit-chated nadsat. Nasdat is a contrived terminology that incorporates elements of Russian and Cockney English. The drop of dustup in the novel helps illustrate and set the scene as Alex leads a small gang of peers, friends and fellow criminals Dim, Pete, and Georgie through with(predicate) the streets, robbing, b ingest men, raping women and committing random acts of military force.Alex is the sole narrator of A Clockwork Orange. Every word on the page is his, and as rec dictates, we experience his world through the scenes he describes and the experiences, despicable and pleasure he encounters. The function of nadsat in A Clockwork Orange, are many. Most immediately, the use of unusual language forces the reader to actively think about and use the language of the book. Be have nasdat isnt mutual-place, readers must pay attention to and force apprehensiveness of the words on the page.The act of comprehending and understanding the language as it is written prevents readers from make judgments about the characters. In this way, nadsat insulates us from many of the harsh and violent realities in the book, allowing us to develop a rapport with Alex and ultimately grow sympathy for the character. To separate understand why the language in A Clockwork Orange draws the reader to e mpathize with the main character, it is important to understand how nasdat was developed and also how it works as a tool to draw the reader in.The most daunting task to most readers of this novel is the introduction of a foreign yet eerily common seeming language. A general understanding of the influence, pronunciation and meaning of many of the words in nasdat can ease the reader into a pleasurable understanding of the novel. Nasdat is heavily influenced by Russian, usually taking a word from Russian and anglicizing it, but retaining some form of the original pronunciation. For example, chelloveck means fellow or somebody in Nadsat as well as in Russian word, chelovyek.The following sentence shows some of the other influences at work as well. I read this with care, my brothers, slurping away at the old chai, cup after tass after chasha, crunching my lomticks of black toast dipped in jammiwam and eggiweg. Translated loosely, the sentence above shows Alex drinking many cups of tea, and eating slices of toast and jam with eggs. To dive in deeper, a general understanding of the words is necessary. Chai is the Russian word for tea, but there are also parallels with the English slang word char.Tass is a word which is based on the French and German words for cup (tasse and Tasse) and chasha has origins in the Russian words for teacup (chashka) and a poetical word for a large cup (chasha). Lomtick reflects the Russian lomtik meaning slice. Both jammiwam and eggiweg are made-up, childish renditions of the words jam and egg. The introduction of these words allow invariably cause a first time reader of A Clockwork Orange to have problems following the action of the book and may also cause frustration.This fact distances the reader from what is happening, which helps to produce a number of effects on the reader. One of these effects is a well placed discomfort that at not cosmos able to understand what is being said by Alex. The feeling is similar to travelling in a f oreign country and not being able to understand the native language. The reader, much like the traveler doesnt know whether what is being said is friendly, hostile, threatening or otherwise. Interestingly enough, the language is allay intelligible even though it does slow the reader and force them to interpret Burgess intention.The difference between using a completely foreign language and one that is even slightly understandable is that nadsat is, for the most part, a form of slang, describing things for which there is already a word in English, but in a different way. As a linguist, Burgess was all too aware that slang can date rather quickly words like daddy-o, bang-up or radical which could root a book or character in a particular time unless it was being employed deliberately for droll effect.By making up a new type of slang, Burgess could ensure that the book transcended the time in which it was written and is still all too pertinent now, and probably will be in the futur e. The nasdat language also plays another important role in distinguishing who among the characters is a teen and who is not. As Alex explains to F. Alexander Oh, that, I said, is what we call nadsat talk. All the teens use that, sir. Furthermore then, people who are not teens, such as Alexs parents, P. R. Deltoid, the prison chaplain and Joe (the lodger), speak normally and do not use the nadsat.The fracture from one characters use of nasdat is at the end of the story when Alex meets his old droog Pete, and his wife. The contrast between the speech of Alex, who is still using the nadsat, and Pete, who is now speaking normally, coupled with Georginas (Petes wife) sport at Alexs speech creates a colourful picture showing the contrast between the nadsat and the eloquence of Petes speech. Another feature of the story is that the narration of the book is in the first person narrative, and the way in which Alex addresses the readers, quite often with the words O my brothers, makes the story being told more personal.His use of first person seems to stub the story specifically for the reader. Therefore, it makes the reader feel like Alex is speaking directly to him/her and that they are in receipt of an amazing story which is only being told to a chosen few. This use of language is incongruous to the use of the nadsat because, although Burgess is making the reader feel part of a select group with the informal articulate of the narrative and the directness of the way Alex addresses the reader, we are also left feeling out in the cold because of the unfamiliar understanding of the nadsat.Another effect of language is that the violence in the book is partially veiled, making it seem less shocking. As Burgess himself explained to tolchock a chelloveck in the kishkas does not sound as bad as booting a man in the guts. (Cite) Covering up of the violence using artificial language works because throughout the course of the story readers have to be thinking about what w ords such as yarbles (testicles), britva (razor) and oozy (chain) mean. The language veil leaves Burgess free to have Alex do what he wants without the reader assessment him so harshly.By disconnecting the emotive response to the words from their meaning, nadsat creates a cushioning layer between the acts of violence and how the reader understands these acts. The forced interpretation causes a delay in the mind of the reader as he/she stops to figure out what the replaced word means to the story. Burgess smokescreen use of the language was intentional in order to shield the reader from the extreme violence and cause him/her to build a rapport with the main character, further building empathy. Works Cited Burgess, Anthony. A Clockwork Orange. New York. W. W. Norton & Company, 1986. photographic print

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Critically Evaluate the Case for Social Partnership Between Unions and Employers

Critically evaluate the case for social partnership between unions and employers The concept of social partnership originates from the Rhenish moulding of industrial relations. It has passed in to the British lexicon through the European Union. At a European level the social partners are trade unions and employers federations. However in the UK the employers roseola federation the CBI has indicated that it is un testamenting to fulfil such a role at a national level. Instead the Anglo-Saxon model of social partnership operates a company and officiateplace level.This essay will investigate the arguments for and against social partnership on the Anglo-Saxon model from the perspective of the employer and trade union. It will recognise that the criteria for judgment the efficacy of social partnership differ between employers and unions. The case for social partnership from the employer perspective is ambiguous and will be contingent on appearance attitudes and business strategy. It will argue that while social partnership undoubtedly presents problems for trade unions it is by far the lesser of two evils when compared with individualised employee involvement and benevolent resource management policies.Trade unions should promote partnership as an alternative ideology to capital driven unitarism. If implemented in the context of collective negociate mutual gains principals offer a model for company level social partnership. Proponents of the mutual gains enterprise are quite clear that it is not a universally applicable prescription. To be made to work it requires high levels of investment in human resources, employees cannot be treated as just another cost, to be trimmed where possible.However companies willing to pursue mutual gains policies benefit from increased productivity and creativity, and consequently higher profitability. Companies that are trying to compete purely on the hindquarters of lowest cost would not be able to implement the principles. Kochan and Osterman marshal con placementrable case study evidence to support their theory. However at the trice the empirical research to validate it does not exist . Freidman (1977) has proposed that employer strategies towards the workforce are contingent on the economic cycle.When factors are favourable employers are more likely to emphasise policies with elements of employee involvement and greater trust that are likely to win loyalty and support of the workforce. While in times of recession, declining profitability and an unfavourable fag out market positionemployers are more likely to fall back on authoritarian policies, cutting back wages and increasing supervision. This may provide a framework for understanding the conditions in which employers are prepared to enter into social partnership agreements.Kochan and Osterman offer the further hypothesis that mutual gains theory will work better if the enterprise recognises independent trade unions. They argue that union base d voice mechanisms are more effective than the alternatives because they recognise that the interests of the workforce and the company will not always be in unison. Where conflicts do arise union voice mechanisms allow them to be negotiated and resolved without compromising the climate of co-operation and trust. This is not a view shared by everyone.Nestle provide an example of a company introducing HRM practices to achieve mutual gains objectives in parallel with traditional collective bargaining. In the long run Nestle management expect traditional industrial relations to wither away, replaced by individual relationships between the company and its employees. (Taylor, 1994131). Given that on that point are conditions in which employers are more likely to pursue employee involvement policies I would offer the hypothesis that the union attitude is an important factor influencing the way in which an employer introduces HRM and employee involvement strategies.If the union is not prep ared to work in partnership the employer may proceed with policies that would have the effect of de-collectivising the workforce and marginalising the union. If the union side are prepared to engage in partnership at a strategic level then the form of partnership may be well more favourable to unions and there members. There is currently no data available to test this hypothesis rigorously, however case studies may shed near light on the area.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Early Education Program Essay

The best authority to set up an early boorhood program is to provide visual stimulating environments combined with spaces tiddlerren mountain c each their own. The best way I arse set up an infant/Toddler schoolroom with boththing I prefer uped thus far would be to use a few simply approaches and theories in our school setting. Each class has a daily schedule that is posted and followed. The class schedule starts from 600 am-600 pm. The routine must include diaper changes/potty training every hour.Our children must have outside time twice a day (w work throughher permitting) and bottled feeding of infants are on demand while our toddlers eat three meals a day starting at 830, 1130, and 230. Along with this schedule, the supply create open centers and teach creative course unconstipated as young as hexad weeks in our program. childs/toddlers are al slipway learning and absorbing their surroundings. We as staff are their primary teachers in life. They are natural copycat s. I choose this eld group of infant/toddlers because I believe this is a very important stage in a childs life.Infants/toddlers learn by watching what we do no matter if its a positive action or a disconfirming one. They will copy us its just what they do. So universe mindful of how we talk and move and our stride really sets the mood for their learning. In my infant/toddler program, there are many things I would analogous to determine happen and the way I would approach it is by teaching my staff how to take for The originative Curriculum approach. This is a blanket(prenominal) early childhood educational system that emphasizes a practical, motiveless to go out approach to working with children.It gains the use of interest areas as a way of providing experiences that promote cognitive, social, and physical and delivery development. (Teaching strategies gold). I would use this method by setting up everything in the class at shopping center level. The children need to be able to see and flavor everything. Sensory is very important at this age and stoping the infants access to their surroundings helps build their social emotional and physical needs. Children learn through frivol and every day life experiences and creative curriculum allows me the ability to let them play and learn at the equivalent time.Our teachers will set up their classroom in areas that allow for science, math, literacy, music, art, and dramatic play. Friedrich Froebel is a huge fictional character of education, he saw children as having an innate desire to learn, and he believed that children needed to be active in their own learning and Respect with which the individuality and ability of each child should be treated the richness of creating a happy, harmonious environment in which he or she can grow and the value of self-activity and play as a tooshie on which the integrated development of the whole person can be built. (Friedrich Froebel 1782-1852). I choose this ap proach because it relates to the type of classrooms I envision in our program because Froebel stated, Play is the highest facial expression of human development in childhood, for it alone is the free expression of what is in a childs soul. He also believed that children were like flowers because they varied and needed cover, alone they are beautiful but unitedly they are glorious. I have learned in my career that infants/toddlers are all unique and learn at different paces and levels.Froebels teachings used things like free play, games, songs, stories, and crafts to stimulate imagination while maturation physical and drive skills. Creative curriculum is all about gross motor and fine motor skills as well. Both of these tie so well into each other that it involves for excellent observations when shadowing the child. thither are a lot of ways we can teach our infant/Toddlers cognitive, social- emotional, and physical development skills, even at this early age. By having centers set up around our classrooms that allow our staff to teach them these tools is easy to execute.Our children learn these things through creative curriculum in our program. For display case Math Singing a round-eyed song such as This little piggy Wiggle your walks Twirl your fingers Reciting favorite nursery rhymes is an sweet way for your child to learn to count. Turning your favorite nursery rhymes into counting games for kids is an engaging way for your child to learn to count and begin understanding one-to-one correspondence. (PBS. ORG) My staff can sing these kinds of songs during diaper changes or while laying/sitting on the floor.And example of how this activity would be done is the following secern to your child the classic nursery rhyme This Little Piggy Went to Market. As you say each line, quiet fight one of your childs fingers or toes and say a number in chronological sequence from 1 to 5 This little piggy went to market. (Softly abbreviate a thumb or big toe and say, Thats one ) This little piggy stayed home. (Softly squeeze a second finger or toe and say, Thats two ) This little piggy had roast beef (or tofu or ice cream).(Softly squeeze a third finger or toe and say, Thats three ) This little piggy had none. (Softly squeeze a fourth finger or toe and say, Thats four ) This little piggy cried Wee-wee-wee all the way home. (Softly squeeze a pinkie finger or toe and say, Thats five ) version is very crucial at this age so it should be a daily part of our curriculum. Examples to action this would be Recite nursery rhymes and sing songs to your younger infants in the classroom. Early infancy is a fair time to begin reciting and singing rhyming songs.Studies have shown that nursery Rhymes calm and soothe babies and believe it or not theses are the first stories they will begin to learn and memorize. Around babys first birthday, my teachers should establish a regular reading routine. At this age, many babies will enjoy looking at a speci fic book that has been read over and over, the lead teacher will choose to run through this book in his/her circle time. Teachers can let the child sit in their lap and touch the book and turn the pages. Teachers can point out objects and really let them connect with whats on the page.Science is learned primarily through sensory exploration of the world. Explores objects in many different ways (e. g. , shaking, banging, throwing, dropping). Repeats an action to make it happen again, experiencing cause and effect (e. g. , dropping items off highchair tray). All of these examples allow our infant/toddlers to explore and learn at their own pace. According to the NAEYC standards its our job as teachers and Administrators is to promote a healthy environment for our children that respectful, liveive, and challenging to them.NAEYC also states that family and community support is huge part of their educational future, I have parent volunteer forms that allow my parents to come in a read t o our toddlers during circle time. I encourage them to come and join the crafts we do as well as start communication logs. This is the foundation and core of what early Ed. Is all about. Another standard our program met is doing weekly observations on the infant/toddlers to see where they are.My observations are done in each area to give me and my staff abetter judgement of where the child is at and what things we need to do to help if the child is lacking in any area. An example of this would be if a teacher has an infant that reaches out for him/her as soon as he/she sees them and starts smiling. This is a social/emotional observation because the infant is showing recognition of who they are and making a society with them. Infants that cry and then suck their thumbs to self soothe is showing cognitive observations by taking care of ones needs. This infant has figured out how to meet her needs by self-soothing.These are areas we must be trained in to observe and document accordi ng to NAYEC standards. Another standard is standard five building meaty curriculum. Candidates prepared in early childhood degree programs a) use their knowledge of academic disciplines to design, implement, and evaluate experiences that promote positive development and learning for each and every young child. Candidates understand the importance of developmental domains and academic (or content) disciplines in early childhood curriculum.They b) know the essential concepts, inquiry tools, and structure of content areas, including academic subjects, and can identify resources to deepen their understanding. Candidates c) use their own knowledge and other resources to design, implement, and evaluate meaningful, challenging curriculum that promotes comprehensive developmental and learning outcomes for every young child. (NAYEC)An example of this is the lesson plan listed below to show how our teachers implement this in the Toddler classroom. The role we as administrators play is very d ifferent from the teachers because it is our job to make sure our school runs smoothly.As the director I over see the day-to-day routines in the classrooms. I help my teachers with lesson plans by approving them or teaching them what things they need to add or find admit activities for the children. With our school be accredited by NAYEC. I make sure we follow all curriculum based guidelines within that. I send all my teachers to training to give them the tools to be able to apply creative curriculum and I am here to make sure all policies and procedures are being followed to ensure we are living up to our philosophy, vision, and mission statements.Our program believes in parent and community intimacy we promote that by inviting them into their childs classroom, we stand by our vision of providing our teachers with the best trainings and educational support possible. Lastly our Philosophy Children learn through play and need to be able to have the emancipation to thrive and learn from one another. No two children are the same so their learning surgery should not be the same When you know better you do better We believe in allowing our children to take part in what they learn and how they learn. You need to excite an interest to learn within a child instead of making it a chore.(Week 1, dis 1) REFERENCES Thoman, E. , & Browder, S. (1995, January 1). Infant/Toddler Caregiving A Guide to Cognitive Development and Learning. Infant/Toddler Caregiving A Guide to Cognitive Development and Learning. Retrieved June 11, 2014, from http//clas. uiuc. edu/fulltext/cl03256/cl03256. html http//www. pbs. org/parents/education/math/activities/baby-toddler/ http//teachingstrategies. com/ http//www. naeyc. org/ http//www. pgpedia. com/f/friedrich-froebel Gadzikowski, A. (2013). brass instrument of early childhood education programs. San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Poverty in the United States Essay

mendicancy is a serious issue not whole in third gentleman countries but also here in the United States. Discussing the nature of pauperization in the United States is all-important(prenominal) be driving force through studying we will find solutions. Gaining insights into the issue of poverty can be partd to understand the complexity of the subject. Poverty has been defined as a state of deprivation of severes and services that essential to the aliment of an adequate standard of snuff itliness in a given society. Although the concept of poverty is considered relative, it cannot be denied that it magnifies the enigma concerning inequality in a particular society (Levitan). The struggle of poverty impacts stacks periodical life. It is easy to hide close to things in life but, poverty is not one of them. There argon 633,782 homeless raft in cities throughout the United States (St. Francis). Poor people devote no plate to live and argon being exposed to natures elements , bacteria, and harmful illness can cause threat to the health of these individuals. The environment is being impacted as healthful, because there is nowhere to put fumble or garbage other than on the ground.This is why it is important to gain insight and understand poverty so that we can help these people and the earth. When a person is living in poverty it is bruise and weighs on an individuals self-esteem as well as their families and is very operose to overcome. Poverty is not always a choice, but it is a situation that can be prevented. If people eachwhere take something from every book, article or es interprets that has been written and atomic number 18 willing to recognize and do something active it then it is a problem that can be fixed. There is not a perfect curriculum or a perfect solution to the poverty problem but, the aim is to decrease the number of individuals and families living in poverty drastically. There are many families living in poverty and there are an equal amount of thoughts and opinions on why people live in poverty such as drug and alcohol use, domestic violence and foreclosure hardly to name a few. Individuals have a difficult time taking care of themselves can you imagine having to try to provide for a family on undermentioned to nothing every day. Without a street address these families do not qualify to get eudaemonia assistance such as food stamps, Medicaid, or housing assistance.Without housing assistance people are forced to stay in shelters and if they dont actualize to a shelter by a certaintime they go without a warm place to sleep and without food that night. Some people wait in long lines all day for a spot at the shelter only to be turned away because there is just not enough space for everyone. A computable way to alleviate or even eliminate this problem is to build much shelters or use some of the abandoned buildings in poverty stricken neighborhoods for the poor people to sleep in. Have stipulations in these shelters that individuals and their families are guaranteed more than one night as long as they abide by guidelines provided, tolerant of like a contract. So they are not just getting help they are in a sense helping their selves. Different situations have different solutions, there is a difference amid a person living in poverty because youre a war veteran and just having a hard time and living in poverty because you are and addict and everything you have is played out on drugs and alcohol. In these newly built or refurbished shelters with these stipulations, programs can be offered to help transition into a better way of living. Yes, then there is the issue of specie and where will it come from.Nobody has money lying around just to give away so charity events, fundraisers, donations, volunteers and maybe even some help from government agencies would help. The children of these families living in poverty suffer most. Research shows that poverty in the premiere five long time of a childs life changes the life of a child compared to if they were to live in poverty later in life. This is because poverty is associated with poor nutrition poor nutrition leads to bring down intelligence, bad physical development, and poor immune systems. Children deprived of proper nutrition during the most informative years score much lower on tests of vocabulary, reading comprehension, arithmetic, and general knowledge. The more severe the poverty a child faces, the lower his or her nutritional level is likely to be (Brown&Pollitt). Many children that are designate bad kids with behavioral problems are really just lacking nutritional value. A child that is hungry(p) is more likely to act out and have greater difficulty focusing than a well fed child.There are government programs that offer assistance with nutrition such as W.I.C and sanguine Schools but the guidelines are very strict and fall short in making sure that every child living in poverty has adequate nutri tion. So, this problem can be solved by changing the guidelines and making it easier for a family living in poverty to feed our future. People might say this is not my problem, Im not living in povertyso what does this have to do with me? Truth be told everyone is affected by poverty. As Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. said, There is nothing more dangerous than to build a society, with a large segment of people in that society, who feel they have no stake in it who feel they have nothing to lose. People, who have stake in their society, foster that society, but when they dont have it, they unconsciously want to destroy it (Dr.MartinLutherKingJr.).According to the history of our nation, the preventative and equality of the people of our society relies on everyone individually and as a whole nation as one. If thats the way the world is meant to be then why are people living in poverty treated so differently? Upper class doesnt make you better than a person living in poverty, money doesnt make you bad or good and the homogeneous goes for poverty. The founders of our nation fought hard for a country where everyone is treated as a person equally but, that is not the case when thousands of people still live in poverty every day. Anybody that has ever spent a morning at the Department of Motor Vehicles or stood in the line at the Post military position should understand that simply because the government is handling the problem, doesnt mean its being handled properly (St. Francis).The following(a) time you see someone a little down and out stop to give them a minute and see if you can help them in any way, remember that poverty does not make them any less a human than you. I believe the proposed solutions will work because if its believable than its accomplishable and our system has proven in other situations to be reliable so let use it for the good of the people of our country that could use a hand up not a hand out. For people to be sick on the street, forced to sleep on cardboard or dirt, and have to tapdance other people to help them is not humane or the American way and should not be tolerated any longer.Works CitedBrown&Pollitt. Malnutrition, Poverty and Intellectual Development. Pollitt, L. Brown & E. n.d. Dr.MartinLutherKingJr. Letter From Birmingham Jail. April 1963. Levitan, Sar A. Poverty In the Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia. 1990 pages 478-480 Vol. 15. St. Francis, Nancy. Homelessness in America 2013. 2013.