Young Goodman Brown Essay -- essays research papers

The main focus of the story Young Good piece brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne is the triumph of evil over substantially. A supposedly good man is tempted by evil and allows himself to be converted into a man of evil. This is much like the situation that arises in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, where two people are tempted to sin and give in thus submitting themselves to the power of the devil. In this novel, the area where the devil resides is strictly parallel to that in Young Goodman Brown. As Goodman Brown sets off on his walk into the forest, he believes that there is more good within his community than evil, and that he himself is a good man. He believes that he exit follow his wife to heaven. Yet as he talks with his fellow traveler his thoughts are soon swayed. Goodman Brown talks of his father and grandfather and how they neer went into the woods on such an errand as himself, for they were honest men and good Christians. Yet his companion tells him of many a sin his relative s had committed and the walks he had taken with them, therefore proving to Goodman Brown that his father and grandfather before him were not perfectly innocent, good people. Goodman Brown says to his companion that the people of New England are a good people of prayer and abide no wickedness. Again, the traveler returns with comments of the church deacon drinking the communion wine and the town selectmen selling...

Arthur Koestlers Darkness At Noon :: essays research papers

Arthur Koestler &8216Darkness at Noon&8217Revolutionary and political ethics&8216Darkness at Noon&8217 is the second novel of a trilogy, which revolves most the central theme of revolutionary ethics, and of political ethics in general the problem whether, or to what extent, a noble ends justifies ignoble means, and the related conflict betwixt morality and expediency. The theme of the novel relates to the ever-present troth faced by the leaders of any political company or revolutionary movement, from the slave rebuff in the first century to the Old Bolsheviks of the nineteen thirties. Revolutionary ethics or the issues faced in revolutionary movements are timeless, and as an incentive to write his novel, Arthur Koestler was troubled by this theory, and also by the regime of terror that was governed by Stalin this century. This issue of whether a noble end justifies ignoble means is the revolutionary predicament that Koestler refers to, and was the question that he aspired to re solve.From the sixth hour until the ninth hour darkness came over all the land. About the ninth hour Jesus cried out in a loud voice, &8216Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?&8217 &8211 which means, &8220My God, My God, why have you forsaken me?&8217 (Matthew 2745-46)Darkness at Noon is a fictional account of the truth behind the Stalinist State at the close of the infamous Moscow Show Trials in 1938, where forty-eight of the fifty-four on the executive of the Communist political party were dead. All members of the party knew that Lenin and Trotsky had been the real leaders of the Revolution and consequently they did not accept Stalin as the successor to Lenin. So accordingly, as Stalin was aware of the aspirations against him, as he consolidated major power it became more dangerous to have known Lenin. The result of this was that over 70% of the Seventeenth Party Congress, which was held in 1934, had been arrested and executed in Stalin&8217s opinion, these people had outlived their us efulness. by means of the thoughts and actions of the main character, Nicolas Salmanovitch Rubashov, an Old Bolshevik, the Soviet politics between 1917 and the Stalin era were outlined. The party&8217s transformation disturbed Rubashov, as a member of the party, but he did not wish to be expelled, so he continued to work with the Party against his conscious. Rubashov did everything that was asked of him, and therefore in essence he was a loyal Party member.

Considerations When You Buy an Existing Web Site :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

Considerations When You bribe an Existing Web SiteReprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com Almost everyone in the business of selling new web layes offer impressive presentations intercommunicate future sales and growth, still its really just an educated guess about what may happen with any particular website in a wedded market niche. When all is verbalize and done, all projected revenue and earnings on a new website are, to a certain extent, just hanging on a hope and a prayer.If you want to greatly improve your chances of mastery on the internet then should buy an animate website. A website thats already constituted and successful will allow in you to get on the internet quickly while already having a track record of success. It just makes sense that your chances for success will be a great deal greater. While it is not always easy to locate successful websites that the possessors are willing to sell, there are still push-down list of them around. The best way to reg ain one is to use the services of an established website marketplace. We developed VotanWeb as the ideal platform to allow website owners to present their websites to the public. It is excessively the completed tool for anyone with an interest in purchasing established turn-key websites.What is your perception of a turn-key website? Do you believe that if you purchase a turn-key website then you can just sit back and let the property roll in? Remember, although the t suitable has been set by the current website owner, the website still requires your input and management to ensure it is a success. buy an existing website does have somewhat advantages, but it is by no means a guarantee of success. The website developer may have already done demographic and marketing studies evaluating the existing customer base, write of website traffic, etc. Of course, the website seller cannot guarantee your success nor will they guarantee any projected revenues or profits. Probably the most entrancing feature of buying an existing website from the buyers point of view is that you can investigate any existing website much easier than you can research an idea for a non-existing website. The cause for this is because you will be able to research the existing website as well as other websites in the same or similar markets. You can also communicate with the current website owner and they will be a wealth of information for you.Considerations When You Buy an Existing Web Site Sell Websites Buy WebsitesConsiderations When You Buy an Existing Web SiteReprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com Almost everyone in the business of selling new websites offer impressive presentations projecting future sales and growth, but its really just an educated guess about what may happen with any particular website in a given market niche. When all is said and done, all projected revenue and earnings on a new website are, to a certain extent, just hanging on a hope and a prayer.If you w ant to greatly improve your chances of success on the internet then should buy an existing website. A website thats already established and successful will allow you to get on the internet quickly while already having a track record of success. It just makes sense that your chances for success will be much greater. While it is not always easy to locate successful websites that the owners are willing to sell, there are still plenty of them around. The best way to find one is to use the services of an established website marketplace. We developed VotanWeb as the ideal platform to allow website owners to present their websites to the public. It is also the perfect tool for anyone with an interest in purchasing established turn-key websites.What is your perception of a turn-key website? Do you believe that if you purchase a turn-key website then you can just sit back and let the money roll in? Remember, although the table has been set by the current website owner, the website still req uires your input and management to ensure it is a success. Buying an existing website does have some advantages, but it is by no means a guarantee of success. The website developer may have already done demographic and marketing studies evaluating the existing customer base, profile of website traffic, etc. Of course, the website seller cannot guarantee your success nor will they guarantee any projected revenues or profits. Probably the most attractive feature of buying an existing website from the buyers point of view is that you can investigate any existing website much easier than you can research an idea for a non-existing website. The reason for this is because you will be able to research the existing website as well as other websites in the same or similar markets. You can also communicate with the current website owner and they will be a wealth of information for you.

Brazil Why We Fear the 20th Century Essay -- essays papers

Brazil Why We business the 20th CenturyWhy We Fear The 20th Century In the early 1980s, a vision of dystopia was lying in the mind of Terry Gilliam. That vision was his future film Brazil to be written by Tom Stoppard, Charles McKeown, and himself. The movie was filmed in Wembley, England by Lee International Film Studios. After being a remarkable success during its release in Europe in 1984, Brazil had much more difficulties with its release in the United States. Terry Gilliam had previously signed a set about with Universal Studios for an expected 132-minute movie.Brazil, as released in Europe was 142 minutes long. Universal Studios took this opportunity to edit the film as they chose to make it a more salable film from their perspective. Unfortunately for Terry Gilliam, this meant that they would completely reconstruct the meaning of the movie. He quickly took to doing his own re-editing of the movie to fit it in the 132 minute prerequisite and dour it over in Janu ary of 1985. Once this was done, Universal Studios no longer had the right to change Gilliams movie and instead insisted on non releasing it.Infuriated by his work being put on the shelf, Terry Gilliam took out a full-page advertisement in Variety magazine with the words Dear Sid Sheinberg,when are going to release my film BRAZIL? Although this advertisement did not get his film released it did create quite a stir among the Los Angeles movie critics. In fact, they were so comical about the movie that the film was played privately in their homes and getting fantastic reviews. The movie did so well, that it ended up winning surmount Picture, Best Screenplay, and Best Direction. With much reluctance and little advertising, Universal Studios to released the movie in December of 1985. (httphome.sol.nofrittz)This final release is what still holds the fans of today. Every frame of the movie is dissertation to its audience about the issues surrounding the twentieth cytosine and particularly the late seventies and early eighties. It can speak so well of the entire century because the setting itself is unclear about when the events of the film are occurring. In the opening sequence to the movie, 849 pm (pause) somewhere in the 20th century, appears crossways the screen. The people are dressed in 1930s fashions using technologies, some of which are beyond the ... ...ther, who wore the hat, was the perfect individual in Brazils society. She spent haemorrhoid of money and felt the government was doing a wonderful job by making it possible for her to think about nothing but her plastic surgery. Reagan not only increased the gap between the classes, he dramatically increased peoples urge to buy because it was the popular thing to do. Americas government was frighteningly close to the Ministry of Information when it came to pushing products. Slogans about buying and being American were one and the same.Brazil tackles an enormous amount of concerns about pr ogress in the twentieth century. Those issues included government control, the internet, invasion of privacy, separation of classes, consumerism, and technology. Though the specifics of the issues were different between decades, they were always on the forefront during this century. In about two hours, Terry Gilliam managed to take them all. Though Brazil itself seems very detached from the real world, the amount of parallels is astonishing. Overall, Gilliam encourages awareness. That progress and its brothers are not inherently evil but that they must be controlled, cared for and accompanied to.

Brazil Why We Fear the 20th Century Essay -- essays papers

brazil nut wherefore We Fear the twentieth CenturyWhy We Fear The 20th Century In the early 1980s, a vision of dystopia was lying in the mind of terrycloth Gilliam. That vision was his future film Brazil to be written by Tom Stoppard, Charles McKeown, and himself. The word picture was filmed in Wembley, England by Lee International Film Studios. After being a unprecedented success during its release in Europe in 1984, Brazil had much more difficulties with its release in the United States. Terry Gilliam had previously signed a contract with Universal Studios for an expected 132-minute movie.Brazil, as released in Europe was 142 minutes long. Universal Studios took this opportunity to edit the film as they chose to make it a more marketable film from their perspective. Unfortunately for Terry Gilliam, this meant that they would completely reconstruct the meaning of the movie. He quickly took to doing his own re-editing of the movie to fit it in the 132 minute obligato ry and turned it over in January of 1985. Once this was done, Universal Studios no longer had the right to change Gilliams movie and instead insisted on not releasing it. infuriate by his work being put on the shelf, Terry Gilliam took out a full-page advertisement in Variety magazine with the words nigh Sid Sheinberg,when are going to release my film BRAZIL? Although this advertisement did not get his film released it did create quite a stir among the Los Angeles movie critics. In fact, they were so curious about the movie that the film was played privately in their homes and getting fantastic reviews. The movie did so well, that it ended up winning exceed Picture, Best Screenplay, and Best Direction. With much reluctance and little advertising, Universal Studios to released the movie in December of 1985. (httphome.sol.nofrittz)This final release is what still holds the fans of today. Every frame of the movie is speaking to its audience about the issues surrounding the twentieth century and particularly the late seventies and early eighties. It can speak so well of the replete(p) century because the setting itself is unclear about when the events of the film are occurring. In the opening sequence to the movie, 849 pm (pause) somewhere in the 20th century, appears across the screen. The people are dressed in 1930s fashions using technologies, some of which are beyond the ... ...ther, who wore the hat, was the perfect individual in Brazils society. She worn-out(a) lots of money and felt the administration was doing a wonderful job by making it possible for her to think about nothing but her ductile surgery. Reagan not only increased the gap between the classes, he dramatically increased peoples urge to buy because it was the popular thing to do. Americas government was frighteningly close to the Ministry of Information when it came to pushing products. Slogans about buying and being American were one and the same.Brazil tackles an enormous amou nt of concerns about progress in the twentieth century. Those issues included government control, the internet, invasion of privacy, separation of classes, consumerism, and technology. Though the specifics of the issues were different between decades, they were always on the forefront during this century. In about two hours, Terry Gilliam managed to name them all. Though Brazil itself seems very detached from the real world, the amount of parallels is astonishing. Overall, Gilliam encourages awareness. That progress and its brothers are not inherently evil but that they must be controlled, cared for and attended to.

Islam and Freud

Lubna Rehman Freuds Dream Interpretation in the Light of Islamic Dream Ideas Questions about envisages, about why do we befuddle them and what do they mean argon questions that have been a subject of debate for centuries. On the cardinal hand we have scientists who believe that we fantasy forphysiologicalreasons alone and that breathing ins be essendially mental nonsense devoid of mental meaning A tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nonhing. The idea that dreams argon nothing more than(prenominal) than meaningless biology. On the other hand we have a coalition of Freudians which includes Dr.Fleiss who found his dream interpretations quite accurate and other dream analyzers who committed to the view that we dream forpsychologicalreasons and that dreams al elans contain important information about the self or some aspects of ones life which can be extracted by various methods of interpretation. This camp says that an uninterpreted dream is like an uno pened letter. The third camp is the one occupying the middle ground, that believes both of the extreme positions on the function and meaning of dreams to be partly right and partly wrong.Its proponents such as Alfred Adler argue that dreams may have both physiological and psychological determinants, and therefore can be all meaningful or meaningless, varying greatly in terms of psychological significance. Allan Hobson was also for a psychological meaning of dreams but he thought no need to lock it under layers of secretive subconscious meanings. The fourth and another important camp about dreams in the Muslim faith. In the Quran, as in the Jewish Torah and the Christian New Testament, dreams serve as a vital medium by which God communicates with humans.Dreams offer divine guidance and comfort, warn population of impending danger, and offer prophetic coup doeils of the future, offer a valuable source of wisdom, understanding, and inspiration. Satan also plays a major role in drea ms by bestowing dreams that set out grief or even purely intimate dreams (unlike Freuds sexual interpretation) which requires the dreamer to take a bath. Trying to c all over up the cultural chasm between Islamic and Western traditions, this paper is an attempt to highlight and contrast the Islamic and Freudian ideas of dream interpretation.The simple fact is that all humans dream, and indeed dreaming itself is a bridging phenomenon between the two traditions. Freud thought that the function of dreams was to allow the release of repressed thoughts and impulses which cause excitation in neural activity. The only way that the wish could be subdued is by the release of the nervous energy that was caused by it. Also, Freud noted that though the number of symbols is large, the number of subjects symbolized is not large. In dreams those pertaining to sexual life argon the overwhelming majorityThey represent the most primitive ideas and interests imaginable. Therefore, the same dream s ymbol meant that they both had the same repressed wish. Part of what do people skeptical about Freudian theories is this notion of universal dream symbolism. That is, if two people have the same visual imagery in a dream, is it the case that it has the same meaning? Some scientists dismiss the notion ofmeaningall together. Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley, two Harvard University scientists stressed that the motivating force for dreaming is notpsychologicalbutphysiological.Muslims on the other hand have been paying close attention to their dreams for nearly 1500 years, and their insights and observations have many significant points of contact with the theories developed by Western psychologists over the past 150 years. With the very definition of who the Islamic interpreters of dreams are, Muslims can discard the very existence of Freuds ideas. Sunnah says that the interpreters of dreams are each Prophets or their followers. Or else, they have to be good, pious and knowledgeable people who know the Quran, the sunnah, Arabic language and the culture and tradition of the people.Like Islam, even though Freud did fashion at the content, significance, purpose, the person, his people, state, job and livelihood Freud limited his growth when he theorized that personality is developed by the persons childhood experiences. He was always certainly about his disbelief in religion. He actually envisaged that as the masses of people become further educated, they would turn away from the fairy tales of religion. Carl Jung, a modern of Freud took an exception.He wrote, Freud has unfortunately over breasted the fact that man has never yet been able singlehanded to hold his own against the powers of darkness that is, of the unconscious. Man has always stood in need of the weird help which each individuals own religion held out to him. Jung agrees with Freud that dreams may look backward to past experiences, but he argues that dreams also look forward to anticipate wh at the dreamers future developments may be . Jung did not mean that dreams predict the future, only that dreams can suggest what might happen, what possibilities the future might hold.Hence, Carl Jung, a totally opposite pole of Freud and a non-deliberate support to Islam, believes in the religious man unlike to Freud who believed in the psychological man. Freuds perception of dreams seems so much influenced by secularism and so he seems to approach dreams from a materialistic point of view. To him, unlike Islam, dreams represent purely material meanings and the characteristics of dream life are a disconnected activity of separated organs or groups of cells in a sleeping mind. Freud took dreams to be like phobias and obsessions.He classified dreams into wishful thinking, being self-asserting or sexual and considered most of the symbols that appear in dreams to be sexual which represent the male or female sexual organs. As can be seen in the book Interpretation of Dreams, all kind o f playing, slipping, breaking branches etc were all symbols of masturbation according to him and breaking of teeth was something symbolic to castration. He observed that these symbols are a sort of substitute for the thought process, full of meaning and emotion. Where he interprets a lock and key to be a sexual act, the hadith interprets it to be a symbol of wealth, power and authority.Where he thinks of a knot to be another sexual act, a knot according to Islamic dream interpretation symbolizes grief. Unfastening of the knot symbolizes a freedom from grief. So, even though one can agree with him that these symbols carry a lot of meanings but one can also disagree with him on the kind of the meaning that they carry. It is not always true that all the dream symbols would carry the same message of hostility and sexuality. Looking at our normal life and the dreams that we get from time to time it is not true that all of them fall under these categories as Freud claims.Some dreams reve al more important messages to an individual or to society. Logically speaking, human beings are different and so they think differently, therefore, even their dreams, which may be representing another world of creation, must be of different kinds and each dream by necessity must have a different message that it carries. Therefore, Freuds allegation that most dreams are sexual is not acceptable. Nevertheless, his division of dreams into simple and complex is acceptable. Islams disagreement with him lies in, among other things, the way he describes the simple dreams, which he called wish ulfillments category. In his words he elaborated this category by saying these are connected with day time life. The wishes, which are fulfilled in them, are carried over from daytime and as a rule from the day before, and in waking life they have been accompanied by intense emotion. It is also not true that all the simple dreams are carried over from daytime and it therefore follows that not all of them are wish fulfillments of a dreamer. Furthermore, his rule of such dreams approach path from the day preceding the dream is also not true to all the dreams of this kind.An example to illustrate this will be of a dream analyst who was sent to Africa on a government mission. He confirmed that as much as he wished in his trip to East Africa to have a dream on Africans, he was not successful in the period of some months he spent with them. In Islam dreams are taken to be of great significance. They are not merely a matter of wild recollections of ones activities in his alertness that may resurface to someone in his sleep sooner they are a form of connection of the soul in its spirituality with the other unseen world.This can be easily observed in our cursory activities or even in something as least-considered as clothes which do have spiritual connotations. For example a woman wearing silk clothes in her dream implies her getting married, acquiring wealth or even a ceremony of som e forthcoming mourning. This clearly proves how dreams, as against Freuds theory, do have religious and not just materialistic links. In Surah Al-Anam, the Holy Quran says, He is the One who takes up your souls at night, and knows what you earned during the day, then raises you from it (sleep), so as to complete the time fixed (for you to live).Surah Al-Zumr says, God captures the souls at the time of death as well as those whose time has not yet arrived, in sleep. therefore He keeps back those whose death has been decreed and sends back for an appointed time, the others. Hence, in disagreement with Freud, Islam sees a complete connection with God while dreaming. Where in Islam the dream is related to the truthfulness of the dreamer, Freuds theory proves it to be the preceding days affair where Freud believed dreams to only gratify unconscious desires and longings, Islam showcases them as a glimpse into the future, a hint or sometimes even a warning.Being irreligious, and especiall y a non-Muslim, Freud did very little for the dream-theory propounded by different religions. Though his Interpretation of Dreams presents an impartial and almost unerring analysis of dreams, it includes only a few types of dreams. It gives us a mixture of different kinds of fallacious dreams while totally ignores the true dreams because veracious dreams have almost nothing to do with ones psyche and were, therefore, totally unknown to psychologists like Freud.Also, since the future is more important than the past of a dreamer, he would definitely prefer Islamic Hermeneutics in order to know about his future. Where Freudian Hermeneutics is the product of the researches/studies of one individual, in the Western context, in the raw post-Renaissance period Islamic Hermeneutics represents a divinely revealed system incorporating the entire structure of human existence in this world and the next, which is in itself detailed, complete and traditionally fighting(a) since many centuries in various parts of the Islamic world.

Chinua Achebe vs. Margret Atwood Essay

Compare the ways that vultures are portrayed and utilize in the verse forms by Margaret A cardinalod and Chinua Achebe. By Jessica Tilbrook. Chinua Achebe and Margret Atwood grew up in two very different environments. They were born almost a decade ap blind, yet they both managed to construct two very meaningful poems about vultures. Achebe was born in Nigeria in 1930. In 1967 the region of Biafra broke away from Nigeria. Achebe became a devoted supporter of Biafra independence and served as ambassador for the people of the nation. But to get this post there was a 3 year war of independence ravage. Chinua Achebe witnesses some horrific scenes.He saw babies, children and adults starving to there death. He saw his crap got people from Biafra killing others from Nigeria. He saw how loving people have the capacity to be evil and vice versa according to Achebes magnetic variation on the poem vultures. Chinua Achebe believed that any good work of art should have a purpose. Achebes vu ltures defiantly had a purpose, as it shows how even evil, vile creatures like vultures have the capacity to love. Throughout Achebes poem there is a negative feel. From the very start of the poem it is unpleasant and quite graphic in the description of the vultures.In the poem it occasionally refers to love as unrivaled of the vultures inclines affectionately. This notifys that even vile creatures can have the capacity to love. Chinua Achebe uses many techniques throughout his poem vultures. The social organisation of the poem has no rhyming scheme or lines of the same lengths. The lines are written short, likely on purpose as you can then lever the horror, by reading it slower, creating tension. Achebes poem isnt really in Stanzas it is more split into four sections this is probably done to keep the bunk of evil and ideas running through the poem.There is also a lack of punctuation throughout the poem, this could have been done on purpose to keep the poem flowing, like the sections. Chinua Achebe choose to right in past tense for the description of the vultures, as its easier to understand what vultures are like whereas the Belsen Commandant is described in the present tense. This might of been done to remind us that evil is all around us now, and everyone has the capacity to be evil. The word strange on its own, at the beginning of the second section retains us pause, and bet about whats actually going to be strange, which makes you think about the whole section.Throughout Achebes poem there is a lot of imagery a good example of this is Belsen Commandant a mass murderer and his children calling him Daddy, not father. This is probably done so you can visualise how the children have no idea of what there father has actually done, and they are treating him like normal. This is quite emotional to read, as you can imagine this really happening. Another example of Achebes imagery is the metaphors he uses to describe death and horror. In the first secti on it registers vulture perching full(prenominal) on broken castanets of a dead tree.This makes the atmosphere more intense, and builds up the tension from the very beginning. There is some alliteration in the poem, but there are not many references to sound. I think Achebe wants to concentrate on more visual images rather than sound effects to suggest his ideas. I liked Achebes version of the poem vultures. It had a very meaningful purpose, which is what Achebe wanted to achieve. He wanted to use vultures as a fomite to get people to understand that even the most loving of people have the capacity to be evil. I think he used vultures as a very successful vehicle at getting his point across.I also think that this poem is ambiguous on one hand, you could say that even the cruellest of creatures show even the tiniest amount of love, but on the other hand, that even the most loving creatures have potential to be even the slightest pussy evil. The second poem called vultures was wri tten my Margret Atwood. She was born in Ottawa, Ontario in 1939. She was a daughter of a forest entomologist, and spent part of her early years in the bush of North Quebec. Atwood is the joint honorary president of the rare bird club of birdlife international. The main message of this poem is how life comes of death.So basically the regular recurrence of life, and even from the most horrific things in life, can bring something extraordinary out of it. Throughout Atwoods poems there are references to death, such as hung and bones. This does not give a good vibe to the poem. Atwood uses several metaphors throughout. Then theyre hyenas, raucous around the kill, flapping their black umbrellas. This is two metaphors in one sentence. She describes the vultures as hyenas which is not only a good comparison but good use of imagery. Also Atwood says the vultures were flapping their black umbrellas this makes them out to seem enormous evil animals.The structure of Atwoods poem is done very well, as she occasionally puts odd words on a separate line to make you think about the poem in more depth. The poem is sort of in stanzas but there isnt maybe, which helps the poem keep flowing. every(prenominal) of the lines in the poem are roughly the same length, apart from the occasional odd word. I think it makes the poem easier to read, and get the rhyme flowing at the right pace. Margret Atwood uses a variety of meaningful and powerful words. For example carnage violate gluttonous all these words have a negative adjoin on vultures.As they are explaining why and how they are vile creates. But some people might say that the way vultures act is completely earthy. This is because it is natural for them to eat, which means killing other animals, to feed themselves and there family. Which shows this poem is also quite ambiguous. There arent many references to sound throughout Atwoods version of Vultures. But she does say vultures snigger at funerals. And sniggering refers to s ound. This also implies vultures are vile creature, as it is inappropriate to horribly giggle at a funeral.I think that Margret Atwood successfully used vultures as a good vehicle to show how life comes out of death, even in the most horrible circumstances. I notion both Chinua Achebe and Margret Atwoods poems both had very different meanings, but both shows contrasts between humans and vultures. In my opinion Chinua Achebes version of vultures was the best used vehicle to get his point across. As he point his point across very well, and he achieved his purpose that any good work of art should have a purpose. So I think Chinua Achebes poem just slightly had an edge over Margret Atwoods because of Achebes aims for his poem.